Inflation surged in March due to Iran war and tariffs

War-related price pressures worsened inflation in March, which the Federal Reserve was already struggling to regulate, reports Colby Smith for The New York Times.

The Consumer Price Index, or CPI, rose to 3.3% in March, making the Federal Reserve cautious of cutting interest rates. This is the highest monthly gain, 0.9%, since the post-pandemic inflation surge in June 2022.

The Consumer Price Index rose to 3.3% in March 2026. (Click to enlarge)

“Core” inflation, which doesn’t include volatile food and energy prices, rose to 2.6%, an increase from 2.4% last month, which isn’t as alarming to the Federal Reserve.

Policymakers worry that rising energy prices will “spill over into other sectors, affecting inflation more persistently,” Smith reports.

The Federal Reserve is also worried about businesses and manufacturing companies scaling back on hiring to offset rising input costs, potentially threatening the labor market, reports Smith.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics data listed below illustrates how commodity prices reacted to the war before last week's temporary cease-fire.

• International oil benchmark rose 50%, now down to 30% higher than prewar
• Gas prices rose 40% since February
• Energy index rose 11%
• Fuel oil rose 30.7% over the last month
• Other motor fuels including diesel rose 30.8%
• Airfares rose 2.7%, up 14.9% from a year prior

Excess inflation in the core goods category can be explained by recent tariffs, according to researchers at the Federal Reserve.

“Without evidence that inflation is in retreat, the Fed will likely find it hard to justify cutting rates below the current 3.5 percent to 3.75 percent level,” Smith reports. “What could prompt them to act sooner, however, is if the labor market deteriorates rapidly.” 

Maine's bill to pause larger data center projects awaits governor's approval; ban would be the first of its kind in U.S.

Maine's data center bill would pause planned projects in two rural
towns for 18-months. (Photo by Troy Mortier, Unsplash)

If Maine's new data center bill becomes law, the state will become the first in the country to push pause on large data center construction. 

"The Maine Senate took a final vote on April 14 to enact first-of-its-kind legislation banning large data centers in the state until November 2027," reports Julia Tilton of The Daily Yonder. The bill would halt data centers that require 20 megawatts or more of power, including two already planned in the rural towns of Jay and Limestone.

The Maine legislation "would also establish a study group to examine the impact of such facilities and recommend legislative guardrails," reports Jenna Russell of The New York Times. Maine lawmakers have already made data centers "ineligible for certain business tax exemptions." 

Maine Gov. Janet Mills has yet to sign the bill into law, and it's unclear whether she will, given that it would mean halting data center plans already in the works. "On April 10, the governor said that a data center proposed at a retired paper mill in Jay, Maine, must be exempt from the ban while speaking to the press at an event in Bangor, Maine," Tilton explains. "An amendment with that carve-out failed to pass the legislature." The current bill doesn't include any exemptions. 

Like many New England residents, Mainers already deal with a fragile grid and pay some of the highest electricity rates in the country. Advocates of the ban say the moratorium is needed to prevent further increases in electricity costs and to protect communities from environmental hazards associated with AI data centers, such as noise and excessive water use, Tilton reports. Advocates also point to the relatively few jobs data centers produce, even as they gobble up vast resources.

Mills, who is facing a heated Democratic primary race for the U.S. Senate, has "ten days to veto the legislation, sign it into law or allow it to become law without her signature," Russell reports. "President Donald Trump has threatened to sue states and withhold funding if they pass laws restricting the AI growth."

When dialysis treatment centers close, rural patients have no choice but to drive further for care

After the Chadron dialysis center closed, Pieper's 
treatment travel time tripled. (KFF Health News photo)

Rural residents who require dialysis treatment to stay alive are having to drive longer distances for care as smaller hospitals and clinics shed unprofitable services to stay afloat, reports Ariella Zionts of KFF Health News.

When Chadron Hospital shuttered its dialysis center, which served Nebraska residents in the state's far western panhandle, Mark Pieper became one of the many displaced patients who would have to find another dialysis center for treatment.

Because the human body cannot survive without kidney-like functions that filter toxins, remove excess fluid and balance electrolytes, dialysis cannot be rescheduled or skipped. When faced with the closure of their dialysis center, renal patients like Pieper have two choices: Travel for treatment or die.

"Pieper eventually found treatment in Scottsbluff, which, with about 14,000 residents, is the biggest city in the rural Panhandle region," Zionts writes. "The hour-and-a-half drive will triple his time on the road to more than nine hours each week."

Chadron Hospital discontinued its dialysis service despite the $219 million in federal money Nebraska will receive this year from the Rural Health Transformation Program. But RHTP awards aren't meant to "help existing services stay afloat," Zionts explains. Instead, they are earmarked to help rural medical centers "explore new, creative ways to improve rural health." Only 15% of RHTP funds can be used to pay for patient care.

Chadron Hospital was "losing $1 million a year on its dialysis service due to low reimbursement rates that didn’t cover operational costs," Zionts reports. Nephrologist Mark Unruh said the "dialysis closure in Chadron reflects a wider trend of staffing and funding challenges."

Preventing kidney failure is one of the best ways rural areas can change what rural dialysis patients like Pieper are facing now, Unruh told KFF Health News. "He pointed to a tele-education program that helps primary care doctors in rural and other underserved areas prevent end-stage renal failure."

A small town in western Mass. may be the 'canary in the coal mine' for cash-strapped municipalities across the U.S.

Anti-override activists insisted South Hadley town officials need
to address inefficiencies instead of raising taxes. 

After weeks of intense debate and campaigning, residents of South Hadley, Massachusetts, shot down a proposed 50% property tax increase, reports Scott Calvert of The Wall Street Journal. “South Hadley is a warning sign for financially strained municipalities across the U.S."

By 65% to 34% vote, residents from this small community rejected a "measure to allow the western Massachusetts college town to raise $11 million in new property taxes through what is called an override," Calvert explains. "A $9 million proposal also failed."

Override proponents said the town needed the cash infusion to address its current $3 million deficit, fund school operations and address rising costs. Calvert writes, "Override foes said a hefty property tax jump would overburden residents, particularly seniors."

Rudy Ternbach, who led the anti-override group Alliance for Fair Taxes, told the Journal, “Voters do not want to try and fix the government by increasing taxes on those least able to pay. They want more efficiencies in government and less taxes.”

South Hadley’s financial squeeze, partially due to a 42% increase in healthcare costs and declining state aid, may be part of a national trend, Calvert reports. Many municipalities are draining the last of their pandemic aid even as costs continue to rise.

Ternbach wants the town to "extract more money from Mount Holyoke College. . . which is largely tax-exempt," Calvert writes. "Both sides in the override debate want the college to do more."

Without additional taxes, local officials say, "there will be deep cuts: no school sports or extracurriculars and slashed Advanced Placement offerings, along with hits to police and public-works staffing," Calvert adds.

Chris Morrill, an expert in public finance, told Calvert, "It’s really a preview of what communities across the country are going to face. I think South Hadley’s perhaps the canary in the coal mine.” 

Ag round-up: Nearly 70% of farmers can't afford fertilizer; union and JBS reach deal; real help for stressed farmers

Share of farmers unable to afford all required fertilizer. (American Farm Bureau Federation graph)

Nearly 70% of American farmers report they can't afford all the fertilizer they need this season because of increased input prices due to the war in Iran and an already stressed farm economy, according to an April survey of 5,700 farmers by the American Farm Bureau Federation. "Farmers in the Southern region reported the greatest difficulty securing fertilizer, with 78% unable to afford all needed inputs this season," reports Faith Parum of AFBF. "Producers in the Northeast and West also reported significant challenges, with 69% and 66%, respectively, unable to afford all required fertilizer, compared to 48% in the Midwest.”

In an effort to drill down into why fertilizer prices have increased so dramatically since 2021, the U.S. Department of Agriculture is "working with the Department of Justice and the Federal Trade Commission on ongoing investigations into fertilizer and other agricultural input costs," reports Chris Clayton of Progressive Farmer. USDA Deputy Secretary Stephen Vaden has "continued his criticisms about concentration in the fertilizer industry, calling out The Mosaic Company for announcing it will close phosphorus mines in Brazil. . . . Vaden argued the global market is signaling a need for more supply -- not less. He questioned why a major producer would scale back output under those conditions."

The Greeley plant can process roughly 6,000
cattle per day. (Photo by L. Angharad) 

The local union representing roughly 3,800 beef plant workers in Greeley, Colorado, and meatpacking giant JBS announced a new labor contract agreement early this week, reports Patrick Thomas of The Wall Street Journal. Beef plant workers went on strike on March 16, "seeking higher wages and other workplace changes. . . . The Colorado plant can slaughter about 6,000 cattle a day, representing roughly 5% of U.S. beef-processing capacity." The new agreement includes worker wage increases through 2027 and protects employees from having to pay for their own required protective equipment. The last slaughterhouse strike happened at a Minnesota Hormel plant in 1985. 

Despite the multiple pain points for American soybean farmers in 2026, some of the rising input costs and sinking soybean prices have evolved over the past several years -- only to be exacerbated by tariff levies and the war with Iran, report Eric Ferkenhoff of Lee Enterprises and Josh Kelety of The Associated Press. "Costs, such as equipment, have crept up over time while soybean prices have stayed low." Doug Bartek, a fifth-generation farmer, told reporters, "Our biggest struggles are our inputs, be it fertilizer, seed, chemical or parts. There has been so much drastic markup in all of these. And I just kind of feel like the farmer’s kind of painted in the corner." Many Midwest soybean producers share Bartek’s worries.

Real Farmer Care wants to give farmers the means to
care for themselves. (Graphic by A. Dixon, Offrange)

Are you a farmer in need of some downtime? Do you know a stressed-out farmer who might be forgetting to care for themselves because they're tending to everything else? If either answer is yes, consider nominating yourself or another farmer-in-need-of-care for one of Real Farmer Care's $200 microgrants, writes Nicole Caruth for Offrange. "Think a stress-relieving massage, a pair of sturdy work boots, or just a dinner outing with friends. The grants are small, but can potentially have a big impact." From squeezing tariffs to eye-popping fertilizer costs, U.S. farmers are having a rough year. The brief nomination form is here. 

A prairie town in Oklahoma is slated to become the country's biggest aluminum producer

The Inola smelter is expected to produce 750,000 tonnes 
of aluminum per year. (Modern Metals photo)

"Hay Capital of the World" is how many residents of Inola, Oklahoma, describe their small town of roughly 1,800 people. But these locals could "soon have another moniker to consider: America’s Aluminum Epicenter," reports Ryan Dezember of The Wall Street Journal. The prairie town was "selected as the site for the first new aluminum smelter in the U.S. since 1980. Construction is expected to cost more than $4 billion and begin by year-end. It is expected to employ about 1,000 workers once complete."

Over the past 50 years, the U.S. relinquished its dominance in primary aluminum production to China, as American producers closed their smelters amid rising electricity costs. Dezember adds, "A smelter can consume as much power as a large U.S. city."

Currently, U.S. businesses import most of their aluminum. The country has "just four smelters [that] make the primary aluminum necessary in many defense and aerospace applications," Dezember writes. "The planned smelter would more than double the U.S.’s smelting capacity."

 

Before choosing the Inola site, Emirates Global Aluminum (EGA) and Chicago-based Century Aluminum, the two companies behind the smelter project, considered "45 sites in more than two dozen states," Dezember reports. "Electricity costs, which make up more than one-third of production expenses, were paramount."

McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, in green, is the 
most westerly inland river system in the U.S. (ODOT map)

In addition to affordable electricity from natural gas and hydropower, the Inola location offered "business-friendly regulation, an ice-free port deep inland, as well as an aerospace industry and other big aluminum consumers," Dezember explains. The Inola smelter site is also near the McClellan-Kerr Arkansas River Navigation System, which connects New Orleans to the Great Plains by way of the Mississippi River.

EGA and Century Aluminum say the smelter "will take at least three years to build," Dezember reports. Once completed, the smelter is expected to run for decades.

Faced with the possibility of running out of money, the U.S. Postal service asks Congress to consider 'drastic measures'

Changes to USPS mail delivery have an outsized
impact on rural Americans. (Photo by D. Trinks, Unsplash)

Expensive delivery obligations and government constraints both contribute to the U.S. Postal Service's deepening financial woes. "In testimony to Congress last month, David Steiner, the postmaster general, delivered a dire warning," reports Adam Sella of The New York Times. "Without drastic measures, he said, the U.S. Postal Service could run out of cash in less than a year."

Some of the "drastic measures" Steiner outlined included reducing service days from 6 to 5, dropping "unprofitable routes," and closing some smaller post offices, Sella writes. All three changes would have an outsized impact on rural communities that other carriers, such as FedEx and UPS, avoid due to higher costs.

A large part of the agency's financial turmoil can be blamed on what Congress has tasked it with doing, which doesn't create a profitable business model (which is why UPS and FedEx don't do it), and federal limitations on its financial options, including pricing and pension investments.

For instance, USPS is supposed to be financially self-sufficient while meeting its universal service obligation, which requires it to deliver to everyone in the United States at a reasonable price, Sella explains. "In 2022, Congress added a six-day-a-week delivery requirement. . . .That commitment has cost the agency money: more than $6.5 billion a year."

USPS is also restricted on pricing. "It must get approval from an independent regulatory commission, which limits the agency’s ability to raise prices," Sella reports. Congress also limits its borrowing power, which means it can run out of money.

USPS leadership isn't allowed pension portfolio flexibility, which could have a dramatic impact on its bottom line. Sella explains, "The Postal Service is only allowed to invest its retirement funds in Treasury notes. The Postal Service’s Office of Inspector General estimated in 2023 that USPS retirement funds would have been worth approximately $800 billion more if they had been able to be invested in a mix of 60% stocks and 40% Treasury bonds."

Meanwhile, USPS has turned to one of its few reliable revenue streams: postal price increases. "The commission approved a temporary surcharge of 8% on packages, in light of rising fuel and transportation costs," Sella reports. The Postal Service also requested a 5% increase in first-class mail rates. "That means first-class mail 'forever' stamps would increase from 78 cents to 82 cents."

Boaters are wearing helmets for protection against 'flying fish'

Asian carp are invading the Mississippi River and
boaters' personal space. (Photo by Megs Harrison, Unsplash)

Asian carp, or "flying fish," are injuring boaters throughout the Midwest and eating up the food supply of native fish in the Mississippi River, reports Jeanne Whalen of The Wall Street Journal.

Able to jump as high as 10 feet out of the water, these carp are easily spooked by motors and have given boaters black eyes
and broken noses, Whalen reports.

Asian carp came to the U.S. from China and Russia in the ‘70s to regulate algae blooms in ponds and wastewater treatment plants, Whalen explains. Due to flooding, they escaped confinement, spread into the Mississippi River Basin, and exponentially reproduced into dozens of rivers.

If they breach the Great Lakes, they threaten the region’s walleye, bass and trout, which provide the fishing industry $5 billion annually, Whalen adds.

The governors of Michigan and Illinois are urging the federal government to unfreeze the funding for a river barrier to keep the fish out of Lake Michigan, reports Whalen. An additional deterrent could be blaring speakers underwater to distract the carp.

While the public waits for federal help to detain the carp, they have been creating their own solutions such as wearing helmets while boating, competing in contests to catch the jumping fish, or creating new recipes to eat them, explains Whalen.

The Illinois Department of Natural Resources has officially rebranded the fish as Copi, short for copious, in hopes consumers find them more appealing. “Fisherman and chefs report that Asian carp are actually delicious, though they are so bony they don’t make good filets. Chefs often grind them up and turn them into fish cakes,” Whalen adds.

As health care insurance costs continue to climb, farm bureau health plans offer a lower cost alternative

Farm Bill health care plans have been offered in Tennessee
for over 75 years. (Tennessee Farm Bureau photo)

Affordable Care Act subsidies from the pandemic years made purchasing health insurance affordable for many Americans, but those tax credits expired at the end of 2025, leaving many individuals and families "confronting difficult choices because of rising Affordable Care Act premiums and other affordability issues," reports Michelle Andrews of KFF Health News. Farm bureau health care plans often offer a more budget-friendly alternative.

Farm bureau health plans tend to offer less comprehensive coverage and require physical exams to qualify; however, they can still provide substantial savings. Andrews explains, "Plan details vary by state, but they typically share many features of marketplace plans, including coverage of a wide range of services, a broad practitioner network, and a way to file complaints."

Fourteen states "allow health coverage through state farm bureaus, grassroots membership organizations that advocate for the agricultural industry and rural interests," Andrews explains. In general, anyone can join their state farm bureau, which typically costs $30 to $50. "With membership comes the option of buying into the health plan."

To help keep premium costs low, farm bureau health care plans screen their applicants through an underwriting process and will often deny coverage to sicker people. ACA plans have to take anyone who applies. Andrews writes, "In 2026, average ACA premium payments were estimated to increase by 114% for subsidized enrollees."

Because farm bureau plans can turn down people or exempt coverage for expensive or pre-existing conditions, their plans "may be 30% to 50% cheaper than unsubsidized marketplace plans," Andrews reports. For a healthier Americans, a farm bureau health plan presents a viable solutions to spiking premium prices.

Despite their stricter rules, farm bureau health plans are becoming more popular. Andrews adds, "Last year, Missouri was one of four states that passed laws permitting farm bureau health plans." Currently, farm bureau health plan coverage is allowed in Arizona, Arkansas, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Ohio and Wisconsin.

Opinion: When it comes to sharing thoughts on elections, maybe asking questions is best

When it comes to sharing thoughts or concerns about upcoming elections with people close to us, we often avoid discussing them out of fear of misunderstandings or unwanted tension. Perhaps a tone of curiosity might be a better way to strike up those conversations, writes Donna Kallner of The Daily Yonder. 

"We might even find we’re not quite as divided as we think on some things," Kallner adds. "We are probably in agreement on the fundamental question, Do you want free and fair elections? I get that we are far apart on the specifics of how to ensure those. But maybe we could at least acknowledge that we have this one important Yes in common." To help everyone stay level-headed, Kallner suggests using election-oriented questions to start meaningful conversations. A few of her questions are shared below. 

What personal experiences helped form your opinions about elections? Kallner writes, "Frankly, voters get far more prompting to amplify someone else’s messages than to tell their own stories. So let’s ask each other about them – not who we voted for but what it looked like when we voted and what that means. . ."

What personal connections do you have with people who conduct elections? Since many rural families still live close to each other, friends or neighbors will often know someone who worked at an election or as an election official. What was their role? What did they say about the experience?

How long do you think it should take to declare the winner of an election? Sometimes, final election results take longer than many people would like, so Kallner suggests asking, "What legitimate reasons might there be for certifying election results to take longer? . . . What conditions do you think should apply to compel a recount? "

Have you attended a public test of voting machines? "In Wisconsin, where I live, a public test is conducted before each election. Anyone can attend. Few do," Kallner writes. "But it’s a great time to ask questions like: Is this machine connected to the internet? What happens if it runs out of paper or jams? . . . What checks and balances are in place to ensure that each ballot is counted and secured in case it’s needed for a recount or audit?"

What would you do? "A 2024 survey of local election officials found that more than one-third have experienced threats, harassment, or abuse specifically because of their job," Kallner writes. Asking people to set boundaries by asking questions can help: "What behaviors would you consider threatening if they were directed at a family member working the polls here? What would you do if you witnessed that behavior? What do you think might be done to moderate the potential for that kind of behavior?"

Forest Service will close 57 of 77 research facilities. Critics warn closures threaten wildfire research.

Many of the research facilities slated for closure conducted
wildfire research. (Photo via Rocky Mountain Research Station)

As part of its ongoing restructuring plan, the U.S. Forest Service announced it's "closing 57 of its 77 research facilities in 31 states," reports Eric Niiler of The New York Times. Critics say the shake-up threatens wildfire and climate research on forests, just as wildfires are becoming more common and more severe in several parts of the United States.

USFS leadership said the consolidation will streamline research facilities into a main hub in Fort Collins, Colorado, and relocate staff to nearby states. Niiler writes, "But employees said they feared the move would lead many scientists to leave instead." The USDA already announced plans in late March to relocate USFS headquarters and 260 agency employees from Washington to Salt Lake City.

The closures include "six research and development facilities in California, five in Mississippi, four in Michigan and three in Utah," Niiler reports. The agency will also shutter all nine of its regional offices, which "currently manage 154 national forests," Niiler explains. "Some states will have their own offices, and others will be consolidated."

USFS oversees a massive amount of land -- some 193 million acres -- that includes several laboratories and "experimental forests where scientists can monitor the effects of environmental changes over long periods of time," Niiler writes. They also investigate wildfire risks, prevention and how forests recover after a severe wildfire.

Thomas M. Schultz, Jr., the Forest Service chief, told the Times, "Forest Service R&D has produced world-class science for over a century, and that will continue. The consolidation is about organizing the research enterprise more efficiently, not diminishing it."

It was once a thriving lakeshore; now it's toxic and poisoning residents. Mining lithium might offer a solution.

In the Imperial Valley of southeast California, community members are seeking a solution to the harmful effects of the Salton Sea, reports Jill Johnston and Shohreh Farzan for The Conversation. In addition to emitting a foul smell that permeates neighborhoods, chemical blow-off from the drying lake bed is causing lung problems in children.

Formed in the early 1900s when the Colorado River flooded and breached an irrigation canal, the Salton Sea has been kept afloat by contaminated irrigation runoff from the Imperial Valley's agricultural region, which contains fertilizers, pesticides, salt and toxic metals. What was once a thriving tourist and celebrity attraction in the 1950s is now a toxic, shrinking lake.

“As the lake shrinks, wind blowing across the exposed lake bed kicks up toxic dust left by years of agriculture chemicals and metals washing into the lake,” Johnston and Farzan report. “That dust makes its way into the lungs of the children of the Imperial Valley.” 

Findings show the Imperial Valley children's respiratory health symptoms. (Chart via The Conversation CC, data from Jill Johnston 2024 environmental research, Click to enlarge)

They even found the effects on lung function near the Salton Sea are greater than what studies find in urban California areas by busy roadways.

Their study following 700 elementary school-age children across five northern Imperial Valley cities for several years shows higher rates of air pollution were linked to overall poorer respiratory health and children living closer to the sea had poorer lung function. They also report 1 in 5, or 20% of, children in the Imperial Valley have asthma, which is much higher than the national rate of 5.4-7%.

One solution to the deteriorating quality of life in the Imperial Valley is a well-done lithium extraction facility, community members told Soumya Karlamangla at The New York Times. The Salton Sea sits on top of $500 billion worth of lithium, enough to provide the entire nation’s demand for decades, Karlamangla explains. The U.S. currently imports most of its lithium as it only has one active lithium mine in Nevada.

The Imperial Valley region has crumbling infrastructure and a high unemployment rate. “The lithium companies could collectively create 1,000 construction jobs and 700 permanent operations jobs,” Karlamangla reports.

Residents worry that a lithium extraction will cause the air pollution to worsen and require more use of the community’s depleting fresh water source, especially if not done correctly, Karlamangla reports. Currently, three companies are trying to extract the metal, but lawsuits from environmental groups and broken promises from geothermal and solar industries have slowed the process.

One company expects to commercially extract lithium by 2028, and the California State Legislature authorized a tax on each pound of lithium extracted, giving 80% to Imperial County communities and 20% to the state for Salton Sea restoration efforts, reports Karlamangla.

Rural water operators can receive free expert guidance for water issues of all sizes through a new EPA program

RealWaterTA experts can help rural water operators address
federal compliance issues. (Photo by E. Ekdahl, Unsplash)

In an effort to help rural municipal water services that are facing challenges with aging infrastructure and federal compliance, the Environmental Protection Agency launched the Real Water Technical Assistance initiative in March, reports Claire Carlson of The Daily Yonder.

RealWaterTA connects "rural communities with experts like those at the National Rural Water Association to help them repair water utilities or help them apply for loans and grants through USDA’s Rural Development," Carlson writes. 

Rural community water treatment facilities are often understaffed, so having knowledgeable guidance while completing a detailed USDA application can take some of the grant-writing burden off water operators.

Charles Stephens, a senior executive policy director at the National Rural Water Association, believes the new program's approach, which provides expert guidance at no charge, will be useful to rural water operators. He told Carlson, "A lot of [rural] communities don’t need big, expensive projects; they need help making what they already have work better, or help getting into compliance with [federal] regulations."

Through RealWaterTA, rural communities can get help with addressing federal compliance standards, fixing aging systems and training new water operations staff. Carlson writes, "While the program itself will not provide money for these efforts, Stephens said it will act as an 'extra pair of hands' for rural communities that lack the staffing cities often have."

RealWaterTA specialists can help: 

• Local governments/communities
• Drinking water utilities/systems
• Wastewater utilities/systems
• Stormwater utilities/systems
• States, Tribes, territories
• Non-governmental organizations

Find program details here. To request RealWaterTA assistance, click here.

April is the month to celebrate American libraries

Whether it's supporting patrons with digital literacy classes, becoming a new telehealth hotspot, or hosting literacy tutoring nights, American libraries are hubs for learning and civic life. Especially in rural communities where meeting places might be lacking, the local library can be a welcoming gathering place.

To celebrate all the strength, smarts and social connections libraries across the U.S. contribute to their local regions and patrons, April 19 to 25 is set aside as National Library Week, with the theme 'Find Your Joy.'

How do individuals 'find their joy' at the library? That depends. Some kids love story time and the weekly craft, while other youngsters do puzzles or drag out all the games. A teen might relish the time reading alone in a cozy corner. One adult patron might love their library's new 3-D printer, while another loves being able to check out the latest mystery book for free. 

For school librarians, the entire month of April is set aside to remind students, parents, teachers and education professionals of the role libraries play in school learning and educational spaces.

Ways to celebrate libraries of all sizes in April:

• Participate in National Library Week (April): Attend special events, such as author signings, workshops and book club meetings hosted by local branches.
• Support library staff: Celebrate National Library Workers Day (Tuesday of National Library Week) by thanking librarians and staff for their contributions.
• Get involved and advocate: Attend "Take Action for Libraries Day" (Thursday of National Library Week) to support funding and programs. Volunteer or join a "Friends of the Library" group.
• Use and promote services: Visit the library to check out items, attend digital literacy workshops, or explore online resources such as e-books and databases.
• Support intellectual freedom: Celebrate Right to Read Day (Monday of National Library Week) by checking out and reading books that have been challenged or banned.
• Read up on a Checkout Challenge: Some libraries run challenges during the week to encourage borrowing items (physically or digitally)

Kansas fitness centers focus on providing exercise care to rural residents with Parkinson's disease

Kansas has the second-highest rate of 
Parkinson's disease cases in the U.S.

Among the nearly 1 million Americans living with Parkinson's disease, rural residents face more challenges accessing the exercise and support programs that could improve their quality of life.

In rural Kansas, some fitness centers have opened or expanded care to help area patients work out more regularly, according to Bek Shackelford of NPR. Regular exercise is one of the few proven ways Parkinson's disease sufferers can lessen the muscle stiffness, tremors, sleep problems and brain-health issues that often accompany the disease.

The Parkinson's Exercise and Wellness Center in Leawood, Kansas, which offers "gym services to around 280 people and offers classes ranging from Pilates and boxing to theater" serves as an example, Shackelford adds. The head coach and co-founder of the center, Sarrisa Curry, told Shackelford that the center's enrollment has been on the rise as more baby boomers are diagnosed with the disease.

Medical scientists are still unsure what causes Parkinson's disease to develop. Some studies indicate that the disease may have a genetic basis. Other research suggests that exposure to pesticides, such as those encountered in rural farming communities, could be partially to blame. Shackelford reports, "Recent data shows Kansas has some of the highest rates of Parkinson's diagnosis in the country." Only Nebraska has a higher rate.

Elaine Ptacek, who founded the Parkinson's Families of Northwest Kansas, a nonprofit that "offers things like physical therapy and art classes, says about 90% of her group's participants live on farms and are exposed to pesticides," Shackelford adds. "Ptacek's organization serves a rural area she says desperately needs Parkinson's support."

To reach as many patients as possible, Parkinson's Families of Northwest Kansas offers exercise classes to "groups in eight counties [who can] join Zoom calls and follow along with a fitness instructor," Shackelford adds.

Quick hits: New 'Product of USA' seal launched; mistaken inventions; farming worms win; a new weed killer

The label will require an affidavit be provided to the 
meatpacking company. (Photo via DTN)

Born. Raised. Harvested. Processed. That's the tagline for the new, voluntary USDA seal for U.S. meatpackers, intended to highlight "Product of USA" labeling for meat, poultry and egg products from U.S. farmers, Jennifer Carrico of Progressive Farmer reports. Unlike the previous "Product of USA" label, which only indicated that packaged food passed USDA inspections, the new label states that the meatpacker has proof that animals or eggs are in the U.S. throughout their life cycle. Labels can also be state-specific. Ethan Lane, from the National Cattlemen's Beef Association, told Carrico, "You can now do a born, raised and harvested in Iowa label, through a USDA facility in Iowa." 

Goofs, flubs and unexpected outcomes are all part of inventions in the making, but in some cases, the mistakes turn into success. "From cornflakes to the pacemaker, some of our most beloved — and useful — products were born of blunders," reports Zlati Meyer of The Wall Street Journal. "The U.S. has repeatedly proved itself to be the land of luck. Harnessing happenstance has led to inventions that have changed the world." Read about 10 of the best mistaken inventions here. 

As earthworms move lime through farming soil, they help
 balance soil pH. (Photo by Blake Vince via Farm Journal)

Blake Vince is a Canadian farmer working to spread the word about no-till farming practices supported by worms. Vince likes to think of worms as "some of the most highly-valued help on his 1,200-acre Ontario, Canada, farm that never show up on a payroll sheet," reports Rhonda Brooks of Farm Journal. The well-known soil conservationist sees "earthworms as more than a sign of good soil — they’re central characters in how he farms, evaluates risk and stays profitable. . . . In a production system shaped by no-till, planting green and cover crops, he sees earthworms as the quiet workforce that’s helping hold the whole thing together."

The Herbert family in northern Iowa had old tractors that needed technology, but the upgrades that could take their machinery into the modern age weren't yet on the market. So, the Herbert family "developed the Cab Radio Upgrade Kit, a solution designed to bring modern connectivity to legacy equipment," reports Eduardo Morales of Farm Journal. "The project was a collaborative effort between T.L. Herbert, his wife, Rochelle, and their three teenage sons: Thomas, Mason and Colin. The idea sparked when Mason and Thomas grew tired of subpar audio options while working on their row-crop and cattle operation."

Part of being a farmer is battling weeds, and despite the perseverance of many farmers, sometimes the weeds seem to be winning, which explains why herbicides are so popular. This summer, one of the world’s biggest chemical companies, Syngenta, is releasing a new herbicide aimed at annihilating weeds in soybean and cotton crops. Patrick Thomas of The Wall Street Journal reports, "Syngenta will begin selling a new weedkiller capable of eradicating grass weeds that have evolved to resist other common crop sprays." The chemical, called Virestina, will be sold and applied in South America first. 

After an unseasonably warm winter and spring, western states are heading into summer facing an "above-normal threat of wildfires," reports Grist. Predictive maps from the National Inter-agency Coordination Center show areas in the Rockies, Pacific Northwest, and northern California as high-risk for wildfires this summer based on "snow drought, rapid snowmelt, and a recent unprecedented heat wave." 

U.S. farmers secure $99 million settlement fund in right-to-repair court battle against John Deere

Deere agreed to supply U.S. farmers with the tools required to
 make their own repairs. (Photo by R. Fath, Unsplash)

U.S. farmers fighting for the right to repair their own tractors secured a class-action suit victory against John Deere. Reuters reports, "U.S. agriculture equipment maker Deere agreed to pay $99 million into a settlement fund for ‌farms and farmers that are part of a class action over costs and access to repairs."

Since 2017, Deere has put up a bulwark of defenses to prevent sharing repair access and knowledge with U.S. farmers who wanted to fix their tractors themselves rather than wait for a Deere-authorized repair tech to make it to their farm. Reuters reports, "The settlement fund covers eligible plaintiffs who paid Deere’s authorized ​dealers for repairs to large agricultural equipment from January 2018."

The right-to-repair suits from farmers are only part of a bigger tug-of-war between companies that produce technology-based products, such as cell phones and computers, and American consumers. Reuters reports, "Regulators and plaintiffs argue that some ​manufacturers limit competition by controlling access to repair tools and ⁠software."

Within Deere's settlement, the company gave a 10-year commitment to supplying "farmers with the 'tools ​required for the maintenance, diagnosis, and repair' of large agricultural equipment, ​including tractors, combines, and sugarcane harvesters," Reuters reports.

Although this week's settlement ends some of Deere's litigation headaches, the company still faces "a separate lawsuit brought by the Federal ​Trade Commission," Reuters reports. "A ​U.S. judge ruled ⁠in 2025 that Deere must face that lawsuit, which accused the company of forcing farmers to ​use its authorized dealer network and driving up their ​costs for ⁠parts and repairs."

Farmers' share of consumer food spending dollar shrinks to 5.8 cents

Despite planting, growing and harvesting most foundational food in the United States, American farmers only glean a tiny amount of consumer food spending, reports Faith Parum of the American Farm Bureau Federation. Department of Agriculture data from 2024 estimates show that "farmers and ranchers received a combined 5.8 cents of every food dollar, down slightly from 5.9 cents in 2023."

The 5.8 cents in profits are divided by sectors. Parum explains, "Crop producers saw their share decline from 2.9 to 2.5 cents, while livestock producers experienced a modest increase from 3 to 3.3 cents." But overall, the trends show that farmers' share of consumer food dollars has decreased over time. In contrast, the largest share of each consumer dollar is spent on food processing and food service.

The shrinking income underscores why increases in agricultural input costs, such as higher fuel or fertilizer prices, can quickly erode farm income and strain farmers already burdened by low commodity prices.

When it comes to food-at-home purchases, farmer and rancher profits gained a "0.5% increase year over year," Parum explains. "In 2024, the farm share of the food-at-home dollar was 18.5 cents, up slightly from 18.4 cents in 2023."

Products that require little processing produce bigger profit margins. Parum reports, "Fresh eggs returned 69.1 cents per dollar to farmers in 2024, up from 65.2 cents in 2023. Beef rose from 49.8 cents to 52.2 cents, and fresh milk increased from 48.1 cents to 50.8 cents."

The overall picture of farming income spotlights the realities of modern food production and distribution, where "most of the economic value is created after products leave the farm," Parum writes.

'No Kings' protests in rural Minnesota highlight changes in some residents' opinions

Faribault residents Matthew, left, and Sarah said they wanted to protest
local ICE activity. (Photo by Betsy Froiland,The Daily Yonder) 

Immigration and Customs Enforcement raids, cost of living increases and the U.S. war in Iran have moved some rural Minnesotans to speak out for change. "Minnesotans in small towns across the state joined the third wave of nationwide ‘No Kings’ protests Saturday, March 28," reports Betsy Froiland of The Daily Yonder.

Although some rural residents protested the Trump administration's immigration policies in October, many didn't feel called to action until ICE conducted aggressive raids and searches in smaller Minnesota towns, such as Faribault, Windom and St. James in early 2026.

Protesters from all three towns "reported escalated ICE activity in their communities in recent months," Froiland explains. "Many told stories of neighbors arrested, local businesses shuttered, and fear spreading in their schools and workplaces."

While the number of protesters who lined the streets of their respective towns was small, their growing numbers and repeated presence mark a change in areas that voted for President Donald Trump in 2024.  

"Some protesters wondered what happened to due process, like Travis McColley, a lifelong Republican who joined the protest in Faribault," Froiland reports. McColley told the Yonder, “People who have been in the community for years who are going through an asylum process are getting grabbed."

Beyond ICE activities, rural Minnesotans also protested against the war in Iran, cost of living increases and overall frustration with Washington. Froiland writes, "Faribault protester Norm Kokes, a ‘No Kings’ protester and a U.S. military veteran, worried about how the war would impact the world economy."

A St. James protester told Froiland, “I’m dissatisfied that billionaires are trying to run our country, and they’re not going to do anything for the common people."

In some places, protesters were met by counter-protesters driving by or standing across the street. Froiland adds, [Some] "revved their engines and gave middle fingers." Despite the difference in opinions, the protests remained non-violent.

Why the closed Strait of Hormuz will increase grocery prices and add to world hunger

Goods and fuel normally flow out of the Persian Gulf and through the Strait of Hormuz. (Wikimedia map)

As the U.S.-Israeli conflict with Iran continues through the spring planting season, Americans and the world at large are likely to see food costs increase as farmers who would normally be fertilizing their soils for corn seed may change their planting choices, writes Aya S. Chacar, an expert on how institutions affect businesses and supply chains, for The Conversation.

Part of the increased expenses will come from fertilizer costs or from reduced crop productivity due to reduced fertilizer supplies during planting season. "Three staple crops – corn, wheat and rice – supply more than half of the world’s dietary calories. To maximize production, those crops need three main nutrients: nitrogen, phosphate and potassium," Chacar explains. "The closure of the Strait of Hormuz has reduced the supply and increased the cost of all three."

Faced with soaring fertilizer prices, farmers will have to choose how much nitrogen-hungry seeds like corn to plant and when. "Reducing nitrogen application by 10% to 15% or delaying application by 2 to 4 weeks can reduce corn yields by 10% to 25," Chacar writes. Less food for people also changes what foods are available for livestock and its cost. Higher grain costs to feed cattle, for instance, will increase the price of beef. In the end, consumers will see prices increase.

While Americans have seen gas prices increase in real time as the war continues, more expensive food prices will take longer to emerge, but they will come all the same. Chacar adds, "In March 2026, the U.S. Department of Agriculture used data from before the Iran war to project a 3.1% average increase for all food prices."

Beyond fuel costs, corn prices are likely to be a primary driver of grocery price increases. "Corn tortillas and other relatively lightly processed corn foods are more likely to show price responses within a few months after corn prices increase," according to Chacar. Cereal and meat price increases will take a bit longer to reach consumer pocketbooks.

Should the Strait of Hormuz remain closed, the resulting fertilizer shortage will be a global problem, as it will affect American crop choices and yields. Chacar writes, "More than 300 million people worldwide already do not have enough food. The U.N. World Food Program predicts an additional 45 million could join them by the end of 2026 if the conflict in the Middle East continues into the middle of the year."

U.S. farmers battle bugs in the field, but once grains are stored, pests remain a challenge

Bugs normally eat at least 30% of a stored crop.
(Graphic by Adam Dixon, Offrange)

Storing commodities like corn or soybeans in grain bins or in shipment packing on land or at sea doesn't mean food is safe from hungry bugs. Jonathan Feakins reports for Offrange, "From bins to packaging, the amount of lost product brought about by entomological pests alone could easily rival better-known, higher-profile losses that occur in both the field or in dumpsters."

Most people know that pests like to eat crops, but they don't realize how much bugs can eat after a crop is harvested. Hannah Quellhorst, an expert in stored product entomology at Kansas State, told Feakins, "After harvest, we always lose a minimum of 30%. It can be as high as 80%, especially in regions where maybe there’s less access to inputs or secure storage."

Beetles, specifically weevil and borer larvae and adults, are among the most worrisome insects for stored grains and rice.

Researchers, including Quellhorst, have been studying the Khapra beetle, which isn't native to the U.S., but has hitchhiked into the country. "One of the top hundred most dangerous invasive species in the world, Khapra beetle larvae can be voracious, devouring their way through stored grains while leaving behind an unholy mess of skins and waste," Feekins explains.

Prostephanus truncatus, the
larger grain borer (Wikipedia photo)

The larger borer, native to the U.S., has incredible eating power that can mow through stored crops before a farmer even knows they are there. Quellhorst told Feakins, "It can chew through metal. It can chew through plastic. I have pictures of it chewing through a plastic petri dish so it can escape."

Jacob Landis, a regenerative farmer outside of Sterling, Illinois, who often battles with grain weevils, uses the colder temperatures common to the Midwest to "kill or arrest the life cycle of insects," Feakins reports.

Reducing food waste is part of the push for stored-product entomology. Landis told Offrange, “I push back on the fallacy that we need to raise bumper crops to be able to feed the world. There is just a lot of waste in the system. If we would manage our waste, it wouldn’t be as much of a concern.”

U.S. Forest Service headquarters will move from Washington, D.C., to Salt Lake City, Utah

Almost 90% of  U.S. Forest System land is in
the West. (Western Ag Network photo) 

The U.S. Forest Service headquarters will move from Washington, D.C., to Salt Lake City, Utah, as part of the Trump Administration's continued efforts to shrink the USDA by closing "research facilities in 31 states and concentrating resources in the West, reports Hannah Schoenbaum and Susan Montoya Bryan of The Associated Press. 

The restructuring will move 260 USFS staff positions to Salt Lake City, while 130 positions will stay in Washington. The move is expected to be completed by summer 2027.

Agricultural Secretary Brooke Rollins said the relocation will help "bring leaders closer to the landscapes they manage and the people who depend on them," AP reports.

While western states encapsulate "nearly 90% of National Forest System land. . . Utah is only the 11th-ranked state for national forest coverage, with about 14,300 square miles," Schoenbaum writes. In contrast, Idaho has roughly 31,875 to 32,000 square miles of NFS land.

According to Deputy Agriculture Secretary Stephen Vaden, Salt Lake City was chosen for its affordability, access to an international airport, and the state’s family-centric reputation, AP reports. "It’s a Democratic-led capital city in a red state with values rooted in the locally headquartered Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, known widely as the Mormon church."

Taylor McKinnon, a director of the Southwest Center for Biological Diversity, expressed concern that the relocation would benefit corporations seeking to mine or drill on public lands.

McKinnon told AP, "National forests belong to all Americans. Our nation’s capital is where federal policy is made and where the Forest Service headquarters belongs.”