Farming fertilizer stuck in the Strait of Hormuz leaves U.S. farmers roughly 25% short of needed supply

The U.S. fertilizer supply system doesn't have fertilizer 
reserves. China's does. (Photo by L. King, Unsplash)

As the U.S.-Israeli conflict in Iran continues into its third week, fertilizer supplies needed by U.S. and Canadian farmers remain strangled in the Straight of Hormuz. 

The loss of fertilizer imports in March catches farmers at a time when they are planning their spring planting rotations, reports Ed White of Reuters. "More than 30% of world nitrogen fertilizer exports, as well as fertilizer components like sulfur, pass through the now effectively closed Strait of Hormuz."

Besides delaying fertilizer supplies, the war has caused existing fertilizer prices to surge. White writes, "Any available [fertilizer] supplies have spiked more than a third since the war in Iran paralyzed global trade."

Farmers in both countries can scarcely afford the disruptions, since high input, labor and fuel costs already have many farms operating with razor-thin profits or at a loss. Unlike China, U.S. fertilizer suppliers "do not hold strategic reserves of fertilizer," White adds. The lack of reserves leaves American planters vulnerable to global supply chain shortages and price volatility.

Corn and wheat crops require liberal doses of synthetic urea to grow healthy yields. White reports, "The U.S., which in some years imports half of its urea fertilizer, is about 25% short of the usual supplies that farmers buy for spring planting, according to The Fertilizer Institute, which represents the U.S. fertilizer supply chain."

Even if the Strait of Hormuz opened today, some of the fertilizer bottle-necked there might be rerouted to countries willing to pay more. Josh Linville, a fertilizer market analyst at StoneX, told Reuters, "Not only am I worried about incoming vessels being turned around to other, better-paying destinations, there's ⁠an argument to be made, if somebody was willing to go and buy up (supply on) barges, to load them onto a vessel and export it."

"The American Farm Bureau Federation warned that fertilizer supply shortages could hit the ⁠U.S. food ​supply," White adds. "Most fertilizer needs to be applied before the crop starts growing, so any supplies arriving ​too late cannot be used ⁠for the 2026 crop."

Mobile health clinics are combating maternity care deserts in Florida

An OB/GYN mobile outreach clinic directed by researchers Adetola F. Louis-Jacques, Arielle Ayotte, and Michelle Nall at the University of Florida is helping to address a maternity care desert in north-central Florida, they report for The Conversation.

Nationwide, 2.5 million, or 4%, of American women of childbearing age live in a maternity care desert, they report. A maternity care desert is any county with no hospital, birthing center or obstetric health care professional. “Women in maternity care deserts travel an average of 35 miles to reach a birthing hospital, compared to an average of 9 miles for women in full-access counties.”

Traveling longer distances for obstetric care is directly correlated with poorer infant and maternal health outcomes, studies show.

Florida counties with full, low, or no access to maternity care. 
(Map via The Conversation CC, data from March of Dimes 2023 statistics, Click to enlarge)

In Florida, only three of the 14 north-central counties have full access to obstetric care, the researchers explain, and six have low access. The other five counties are deserts that they estimate to have 3,400 women of childbearing age. They also found in a 2024 report that 18 of Florida’s 21 rural hospitals have no more obstetric care, often because of a lack of funding.

Their new mobile clinic, started in February last year, offers prenatal and postpartum care, breastfeeding support, family planning, annual gynecological exams and preventive health screenings. They have already cared for 194 women in 616 visits.

Everything is free to the patients, and they offer assistance to help eligible patients apply for Medicaid benefits. “In 2023, about 1 in 7 women of childbearing age in Florida were uninsured,” they report.

A survey of mobile clinic patients across the U.S. found they “reported receiving holistic care, feeling safer than they’d felt in other health care settings and interacting with staff who were mindful of health care costs,” as well as being able to “maintain continuity of care.”

Most mobile clinics don’t offer maternal and infant health services, the researchers explain, and as maternity care deserts grow, more OB/GYN mobile health clinics like this one can directly provide low-income, rural areas with regular prenatal and postpartum care that women wouldn’t have access to otherwise.

Congress could change USPS finances and avoid more service cuts that disproportionately hurt rural areas

Rural residents are more dependent on 
the USPS. (Photo by A. Land, Unsplash)

The U.S. Postal Service can't borrow any more money to cover ongoing deficits, and unless changes to its funding are made, USPS leadership has warned that the service will run out of money sometime in 2026. Elena Patel reports for Brookings.  "This fiscal crisis reflects a structural mismatch between what Congress requires the Postal Service to do and how it is financed."

When the USPS was created, its financial foundations included a monopoly on letter delivery tied to a universal service mandate; however, as the number of letters mailed in the U.S. steadily declined beginning in 2007, the universal service requirement remained in place. The lack of letter revenue essentially meant USPS could no longer afford to deliver to all 169 million addresses that Congress mandated it serve with affordable rates.

Once letter revenue tanked, the USPS still delivered to every address despite the financial toll. "The USPS nationwide delivery network ensures that access does not depend on geography or profitability," Patel explains.

Brookings graph, from USPS Form 10-K Operating Statistics, FY 2007–2025.

For rural communities, USPS mail carriers often go the "last mile" to complete a delivery. The mail is a backbone for small-town businesses, finances and even medical care. Patel writes, "Particularly in low-density and rural communities, the mail remains essential infrastructure. It delivers prescription medications, ballots, and online purchases, and it supports local small-business activity."

Patel suggests some USPS changes that Congress could enact, which are edited for brevity below.

• Restructure pension liability finances, "including shifting these costs to the Treasury, as is done for other federal agencies."
• Pay universal service costs: "The cost of the universal service obligation exceeded the value of the postal monopoly by roughly $2-$3 billion per year for the last several years. . . . Congress could fund that mandate explicitly through annual appropriations."
• Increase the USPS borrowing cap and allocate funds for infrastructure improvements. "Additional capital flexibility could ease short-term liquidity pressures and allow USPS to finance modernization over time rather than from current cash flows."

Congress can "realign the financing framework with the universal service mandate it has imposed," Patel adds. "Or it can allow liquidity constraints to narrow that mandate by default. In practice, that 'default' path would likely involve deferred payments, delayed investment, and increased pressure for service cuts that fall most heavily on the communities most reliant on the mail."

Opinion: The Rural Health Transformation Program challenges states to build and overhaul systems

R.J. Marse

When the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services announced $50 billion in funding for the Rural Health Transformation Program, many Americans may have assumed the money would help struggling rural hospitals shore up their finances and stay open. 

But RHTP program dollars aren't meant to prop up declining systems by helping them maintain the status quo of rural health care, writes R.J. Marse, General Counsel at Sprinter Health, in his opinion for Healthcare IT Today. "At $50 billion over five years. . . the amount is significant, but more noteworthy is the program’s intent."

The program aims to change how rural health care is approached and practiced by incentivizing innovation, technology and successful outcomes across a system.

RHTP challenges rural health systems to go beyond traditional health care infrastructure by designing and launching treatment that includes "telehealth and remote monitoring. . . technology-enabled solutions that allow providers to practice at the top of their license," Marse writes. "It even allows states to invest in early-stage healthcare companies, a signal that the ultimate goal is innovation."

Marse explains, "Funding is conditioned on outcomes, so while the aim is to reach more rural patients in more rural communities, interventions will need to do so in ways that measurably improve health and lower long-term costs."

RHTP structural demands push rural health care systems to combine modern medical treatment models with the inherent challenges of working with a rural population. Marse writes, "RHTP demands confronting the fact that many rural patients will not engage with care unless it comes to them – or, at least, closer to them. . . . Rural care transformation must, by necessity, be hybrid. It should deliver care virtually when appropriate, and physically when and where it’s needed."

"Rural health doesn’t need another bailout. It needs fundamentally different operating models that can endure when federal dollars dissipate," Marse explains. "Five years from now, RHTP will be judged not by how much money was spent, but by what was built." 

New $100,000 visa fee leaves rural schools with few options to fill in-person teaching positions

Many rural schools have depended on foreign teachers
to fill teaching positions. (Photo by K. Eliason, Unsplash)

At a time when rural schools can least afford to lose teachers, some school administrators have stopped offering international teacher contracts or contract renewals due to higher visa costs and uncertain immigration policies, reports Michael Melia of The Associated Press.

Teachers are in short supply across the U.S., with the shortage most acutely felt in rural counties that can't offer higher salaries or city amenities to recruit new educators. To fill the gaps, rural schools turned to international teachers. Melia writes, "More than 2,300 people with H-1B visas work as educators across 500 school districts."

Superintendent Vallerie Cave, who oversees schools in rural Allendale County, S.C., has consistently employed foreign teachers to fill roughly 25% of her open teaching positions, Melia reports. But this year, Cave is ending contracts and not extending new offers. She told AP, "Some of my very best teachers are having to return to their countries."

Early in 2025, the Trump administration raised H-1B visa fees to $100,000, which allowed "highly skilled foreign workers to be employed in the U.S," Melia explains. "The Trump administration argued American employees were being replaced, particularly in highly paid roles at tech companies."

In rural counties like Allendale, where poverty is high and teacher salaries are low, paying higher visa fees isn't feasible. And while many rural administrators will try to hire locally to fill gaps left by international teachers, many will add more online teaching or "consider hiring uncertified instructors, combining classes or dropping course offerings."

Some international teachers could teach in American schools with a J-1 visa, which "is not subject to the new fee," Melia adds. But many international teachers have decided not to teach in the U.S. for now and have chosen to go home. In turn, many American rural school districts are avoiding any visa issues by eliminating international teacher hires.

Like many rural school superintendents, Cave says she will do all she can to fill teaching gaps with certified teachers, but admits it will be hard. She told the AP, "I can’t really do competitive pay. For rural America, impoverished America, it is still a problem recruiting teachers.”

A $700 million regenerative farming pilot program may falter without the needed USDA staff and expertise

Clover is a "workhorse" cover crop used in regenerative
farming. (Photo by Veronica White, Unsplash)

Despite a $700 million budget and farmers excited about the program, the Regenerative Agriculture Initiative may have trouble getting off the ground. "The USDA’s Natural Resources Conservation Service has lost more than 2,000 employees since January 2025, potentially harming the department’s ability to roll out the initiative," reports Claire Carlson of The Daily Yonder.

The initiative was announced last December as a joint effort by the USDA and the Department of Health and Human Services to help farmers incorporate more regenerative farming practices, such as cover crops and no-till farming.

For the most part, the Trump administration's NRCS layoffs mostly terminated newer or early-career employees, who "are the employees who would have likely helped with the rollout of the Regenerative Agriculture Initiative," Carlson reports. "Without the necessary staffing, the initiative could falter — even though it’s likely to be very popular among farmers."

At its current staffing levels, the NRCS doesn't have enough employees to help farmers through the application and award process, and it may lack personnel with the right expertise, Carlson reports. 

When the Regenerative Agriculture Initiative was announced, U.S. Secretary of Agriculture Brooke L. Rollins, U.S. Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy,Jr. and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Administrator Dr. Mehmet Oz issued a shared press release extolling the need for "American farmers [to] adopt practices that improve soil health, enhance water quality, and boost long-term productivity, all while strengthening America’s food and fiber supply."

It's unclear how American farmers can meet those goals without the necessary USDA staff at the Natural Resources Conservation Service to support farmers who want to participate in RAI. Carlson adds, "For farmers planning to apply for funds through the initiative, it’s quite possible their questions to the agency will go unanswered with fewer people on the job to assist."

America's critical mineral shortage problem could be solved if new extraction method works

Electronic waste could provide needed minerals.
(Photo by Nathan Cima, Unsplash)

Despite rich geological stores and landfills piled with used tech equipment, the U.S. doesn't have the domestic supply of critical minerals it needs to build tech equipment. The country has lacked an economically viable way to "extract metals like copper, silver and rare-earth elements from the country’s abundant ores and heaps of old electronics," reports Ryan Dezember of The Wall Street Journal. But a new metallurgy company with innovative scientists says it has found a solution.

The company, Valor, is working "to commercialize a breakthrough in metallurgy called electrochemical liquid-liquid extraction," Dezember explains. According to scientists, the new process "can separate metals and rare earths from electronic waste and mined ores without the massive amounts of energy and chemicals" used by smelting or other refining methods.

The cutting-edge science starts with molecular magnets, called ligands, that scientists make to bind and release specific elements. Dezember explains. "To pluck the silver from a slurry of ground-up computer chips, the ligand made to bind to the precious metal is activated with a current of electricity and then turned off to release the silver for reuse."

Critical and rare-earth minerals are essential for producing the most advanced technologies, including defense systems, magnets, semiconductors, medical equipment and consumer electronics; however, China has always dominated the global sector. Unleashing a new way for the U.S. to harness its rare earth stores could change that dynamic.

For now, Valor will open its first plant in Houston, Texas. The company plans to "eventually build refineries of various sizes across the country, near lithium brine fields in Arkansas, Arizona’s copper mines and big cities where loads of recycled cellphones and computers can be gathered."

Opinion: America isn't broken. It's a country where 'the vast majority quietly do the right thing every single day.'

Most Americans are too busy living daily life to hate
on other Americans. (Photo by Dyana Wing So, Unsplash)

TV commentary, social media or major news websites can leave readers wondering where our country went wrong and why Americans hate each other so much. But is that honestly how average Americans see their lives and each other?

Mike Allen doesn't think so. In his opinion for Axios, Allen declares that the blasts of newsy angst and misanthropic disgust are a "ubiquitous, emphatic, verifiable lie. . . . Most Americans are too busy for social media, too normal for politics, too rational to tweet."

The most American "Super Majority" isn't online 24/7 looking for ways to throw tomatoes at other busy Americans, Allen insists. They may be at their desks grinding it out, their kids' sporting events, attending a book club or helping their neighbor with lawn care, but they are not working on hating others.

"Most Americans are patriotic, hardworking, neighbor-helping, America-loving, money-giving people who don't pop off on social media or plot for power," Allen writes. "It's the terminally online news junkies who are detached from the actual reality."

Allen writes, "Most people agree on most things, most of the time. And the data validates this, time and time again. . . . The system feels broken. The people are not."

Instead of allowing any other people to tell you who Americans are, look around you. Allen writes, "In a given year, you see hundreds of people frequently enough to appraise their character. Are they good people? Would they help shovel after a snowstorm or lift groceries for an aging neighbor? . . .We bet the answer is a resounding yes. This is America's Super Majority."

In 2024, Americans "gave $592.5 billion to charity — a record, with individuals accounting for two-thirds of it," Allen adds. "This isn't a broken nation. This is a generous one, where the vast majority quietly do the right thing every single day."

Next time you consider how you feel about your country and "your screen tells you America is broken, close it," Allen writes. "Walk outside. Talk to your neighbor. Coach the team. Go to the town meeting. That's the real America — and it's a hell of a lot better than the one being manufactured for clicks, clout and cash."

Silicone wristbands can monitor exposure to 'forever chemicals' over time

Silicone wristbands could help scientists monitor for 
chemicals. (Venier Lab photo via The Conversation CC)

Silicone wristbands are a new noninvasive method to measure Americans’ exposure to "forever chemicals", or PFAS, reports Yaw Edu Essandoh for The Conversation.

These synthetic chemicals, often found in water systems, soils and consumer products, have been a growing public concern and become more prevalent in everyday environments, Essandoh explains.

Traditional monitoring tools for measuring their exposure have only used samples from a single point in time and can be invasive, like drawing someone’s blood or testing soil or water from one location on one day, reports Essandoh. However, Essandoh found from his environmental chemistry research that people or animals living in the same environment “showed very different chemical profiles.”

Since people are exposed continuously throughout the day, new noninvasive tools are becoming more popular to monitor exposure over a period of time, Essandoh reports. One such tool is the silicone wristbands, made of silicone polymer, which “absorb chemicals from the surrounding environment over time, similar to how skin or fur interacts with air, dust and surfaces." Researchers can then extract these compounds from the wristband and examine the pattern of exposure, once the wristband is worn for multiple days or weeks.

Other noninvasive methods scientists have started using to track exposure include “passive air samplers placed in homes or small wearable devices,” explains Essandoh. These types of devices can also be used for animals and wildlife, instead of drawing their blood, to better understand how PFAS affect their ecosystems and to identify emerging risks sooner.

Noninvasive monitoring tools aren’t meant to eliminate traditional monitoring, Essandoh explains, but to provide additional context to how exposure moves through time and space and to entice more volunteers to participate in studies. “They offer ways to better understand cumulative exposure, identify overlooked pathways and inform environmental health and conservation decisions.”

Independent primary care doctors see banding together as one way to remain solvent and keep their autonomy

Valley Medical Group joined an IPA to help regain its
financial footing. (New England Public Media photo)

As the number of primary care doctors in the U.S. continues to decrease, the number of independent primary care practices has also fallen. A practice in the Connecticut River Valley, Valley Medical Group, has sought to maintain its independence while boosting its bottom line by joining with other independent primary physicians, reports Karen Brown of New England Public Media.

Founded during the 1990s, Valley Medical Group has become one of the "largest independent practices in western Massachusetts," Brown writes. But the practice's patient volume and focus on quality family medical care haven't shielded it from the financial pitfalls of the American insurance payment system, which rewards specialists and physicians who perform procedures over primary care.

Valley Medical Group owners found themselves stuck in insurance contracts that didn't pay well or accurately. "In January, the practice laid off 40 employees — 10% of its 400-person staff — mostly in support positions," Brown writes. "Thousands of primary care practices, a key gateway to the medical system, are fighting to remain financially viable — and independent."

VMG doctors also wanted to avoid selling their practice to a hospital, which would likely take away some of their clinical autonomy. Instead, the group opted to join an Independent Physician Association. Brown explains, "Like a union, an IPA combines individual primary care offices, giving them power in numbers when negotiating contracts with Medicaid, Medicare, and private insurance companies."

While not all IPAs are equal -- some are owned by hospitals or private equity funds -- most help level the financial playing field for smaller practices. According to Brown, when independent practices band together, they can accept insurance contracts that pay them a per-patient allotment rather than billing for each visit or procedure.

Chris Kryder, CEO of Arches Medical IPA in Cambridge, Massachusetts, told Brown, "If we keep people out of the ER, keep them out of unnecessary hospitalizations, we save money for the system. . . And we create more income for the primary care providers, which is dreadfully needed."

Unhappy with the expense of spraying crops with a rig, an N.C. farmer turned to drones. Now he builds them.

Drones can spray hundreds of acres without damaging
crops. (Revolution Drones photo via Farm Journal)

As farmers search for every penny in savings, using drones to spray crops is a viable way for them to increase yields, reduce machinery wear and tear, and save on fuel costs, reports Chris Bennett of Farm Journal.

North Carolina farmer Russell Hedrick has been using drone-spraying since 2021. He started experimenting with drones to lessen the damage a rig does to his crops, and the cost of running the rig does to his budget. He now operates his own drone company, Revolution Drones, that produces drones especially built for American farmers.

"If a farmer with 6,000 acres of soybeans runs a ground rig just twice, and loses 1.5 bushels per acre in damage, the cost is $90,000," Hedrick told Bennett. If that same farmer invests in drone spraying 750 acres a day at a cost of roughly $51,000, it'll take eight days to spray the crop and prevent $90,000 in crop damage.

Hedrick explained, "That farmer paid for his drone in eight days and still had $39,000 left in savings. . . .This is a game-changer like nothing else out there, and its impact is only just starting to be realized."

Russell Hedrick is a North Carolina farmer and innovator.
(Courtesy photo via Farm Journal)

Hedrick didn't set out to build his own drones, but he kept running into the same issue -- all the drones he used were built in China and built for the way Chinese farmers work their land. He told Bennett, "They don’t know how we farm in America, and don’t understand the vastness of our fields and the necessity to cover hundreds or thousands of acres in (a) day in a timely manner."

After considering his options, Hedrick decided to build his own drones. Bennett writes, "Farm innovator to the core, Hedrick already had access to software production through co-ownership of Soil Regen. He partnered with Gteex Drones in Brazil, another farmer-led business."

"Drone utilization in agriculture is about to go nuclear, far beyond present use, Hedrick insists. Why? Simple economics," Bennett reports. "Agriculture, Hedrick believes, is at the get-go of historic technology change, echoing the breakthroughs of yesteryear, whether steel plow or mechanization."

Flora & Fauna: The grizzly of 2026 awakens; springtime woodpeckers; America dominates pistachio market; crime solving with moss; eagle research helps human PFAS study

The first grizzly bear of 2026 spotted in Yellowstone National Park left its den in search of lunch.                                     (Photo by Jim Peaco, National Park Service)        

Yellowstone Park researchers know winter is on the way out when they see a grizzly bear out of its den and feasting on lunch after its long months of hibernation. "Scientists spotted the first grizzly bear of 2026 earlier this week at Yellowstone National Park, marking the beginning of the end of hibernation season for the massive creatures," reports Emily Mae Czachor of CBS News. "The grizzly observed this year was seen in the backcountry, scavenging on the carcass of a bull bison, another species found in the park." 

When spring starts its seasonal orchestra, the percussion section begins with the staccato drums of male woodpeckers trying to out "hammer" each other to win over female woodpeckers. "The emphatic drumming, meant to attract mates and drive off rival males, is by no means the only way woodpeckers are at the pulse of things," writes Margaret Roach of The New York Times. Abandoned woodpecker nests are repurposed into homes by "wood ducks, owls, bluebirds, tree swallows, squirrels, martens, bats and raccoons" to name a few. Woodpecker: A Year in the Life of North American Woodpeckers is a new book by author and wildlife photographer Paul Bannick that gives rich insight into how humans can help nature's amazing builders.

Chestnut trees that once filled American forests until an airborne blight and root rot pushed them to the brink of extinction might once again compete for space in forests from Maine to Mississippi. "A new study in the journal Science provides hope for its revitalization, finding that the genetic testing of individual trees can reveal which are most likely to resist disease and grow tall, thus shortening how long it takes to plant the next, more robust, generation," reports Michael Phillis of The Associated Press. "A smaller gap between generations means a faster path to lots of disease-resistant trees. . . . The authors hope that can occur in the coming decades."

U.S. pistachio production hit a record 1.57 
billion pounds last year. (USDA ARS photo)

They're cracked, green and more than a little nutty. Meet the American pistachio. It's an alternate-bearing crop that's gaining international popularity, especially when mixed with chocolate. "The U.S. pistachio industry appears to be attracting more demand as its supply could soon reach 2 billion pounds," reports Todd Fitchette of Western Farm Press. "The popularity of a chocolate bar created in Dubai with crushed pistachios in it has helped bolster global pistachio demand in other products. . . .The U.S. currently controls the world’s pistachio market share with about 63% of the global supply."

Moss can help 'track a suspect's movements' through
woods and water edges. (Photo by N. Macc, Unsplash) 

In some hard-to-crack crime cases, there's often a trail that leads to a remote location where a body is disposed of, leaving nearby flora as the only witness. And while plants can't talk, many a detective knows that foliage can still tell part of the story. More recently, forensic botanists are analyzing moss for clues. "Particles from the dense, green mats can easily attach to a suspect’s shoes or clothing, grow on human remains and survive in adverse conditions," reports Samantha Drake of The New York Times. Moss samples can help detectives determine postmortem timelines, "track a suspect’s movements and establish key links to help solve crimes including homicides, missing person cases and cemetery desecrations."

Research efforts in Wisconsin who are focused on bald eagle health are helping scientists determine PFAS levels in human populations across the state. "Dubbed 'forever chemicals,' PFAS don’t break down easily and are found in common household products," Sea Grant for the University of Wisconsin reports. "They’re harmful to human health and have been found in high concentrations in drinking water in communities across Wisconsin. The project's emerging contaminants specialist, Gavin Dehnert, said eagles are what’s known as a 'sentinel species,' organisms that can alert humans to environmental toxins. Due to their diet, bald eagles are particularly good indicators of how much PFAS are in the environment."

As energy and fertilizer prices climb, American farmers feel the impact of the county's conflict with Iran

Synthetic urea-based fertilizers are commonly used to provide nitrogen to U.S. crops. American farmers
worry that an extended war with Iran could make supplies scant. (Global Trade Tracker graph)

Whether it's citrus crops in Florida, corn in the American heartland or wheat grown in the Dakotas, U.S. farms, which are thousands of miles from the Straits of Hormuz, are already feeling strained by the U.S.-Israeli war with Iran. The length and intensity of the conflict will determine how deeply American farms and the businesses and consumers that rely on them will be affected. 

"Farmers are now feeling the impact in Iran with not only higher fertilizer prices, but the concern that farmers may not even be able to find enough fertilizer for spring," reports Tyne Morgan of Farm Journal. "As the situation unfolded over the past week, analysts say the reaction across commodity markets illustrated just how closely agriculture is tied to global energy and political dynamics."

The war has already led some U.S. farmers to shift the amount of corn they plan to grow. "Corn is far more fertilizer-intensive than soybeans, particularly when it comes to nitrogen," Morgan explains. "When fertilizer prices rise sharply, the relative profitability of soybeans often improves quickly." Most U.S. farmers use synthetic urea fertilizer or anhydrous ammonia to provide their crops with sufficient nitrogen for high-yield, healthy growth.

Beyond corn, wheat crop farmers generally use hefty amounts of urea-based fertilizer, so those farmers may change how many acres of spring wheat they decide to plant this April. Chip Nellinger, founder of Blue Reef Agri-Marketing, told Farm Journal, "There’s a lot of nitrogen that needs applied on U.S. wheat acres here over the coming three or four months ahead of us.”

U.S. farmers want to see the situation with Iran de-escalate and shipping lanes reopen. Morgan reports, "Much of the global focus right now remains on reopening critical energy shipping lanes and restoring stability to oil markets. . . . If that happens quickly, the agricultural ripple effects may prove temporary."

Rural voting posts bigger percentage than urban or metro in Texas primaries

Graph by The Daily Yonder, from New York Times data

Texas election primaries last week drew a big turnout, with a surprising number of rural voters showing up at the polls. "Texas primary voters turned out in striking numbers this week, with early voting fueling a surge that dominated state headlines," reports Madeline de Figueiredo of The Daily Yonder. "Compared to their urban and suburban counterparts, a greater share of rural voters cast their ballots in the Texas primaries this year."

Both parties had dramatic challenges for seats that will be highly competitive in the November elections. De Figueiredo writes, "Major outlets reported record-breaking Democratic participation in a closely-watched Senate showdown between U.S. Representative Jasmine Crockett and State Representative James Talarico."

Republican voters had a hard time choosing between U.S. Sen. John Cornyn and state Attorney General Ken Paxton. Since neither Cornyn nor Paxton received a majority, their contest moves to a runoff in May.

Amid the surge in voter engagement, rural counties led the charge. "About 26% of registered rural voters showed up to the polls on Tuesday, the highest turnout rate among all county types," the Yonder reports. "The majority of votes were cast in the Democratic primary, the first time this has occurred since the 2020 presidential primary."

The number of ballots cast across the Lone Star State in the primaries increased "47% compared to the last midterm elections in 2022," de Figueiredo writes.

Although suburban and urban voters posted the largest gains in voter turnout, rural counties still "posted the highest turnout percentage among all county types," the Yonder reports.

Energized voting bases and increased population were both cited as reasons for the increase in voter turnout.

JBS beef meatpackers in Colorado plan strike over pay and company charges for protective equipment

JBS is the number one beef producer in the U.S.
(JBS photo)

American consumers are paying at or near record prices for beef, while nearly 3,800 workers at a JBS beef meatpacking plant in Greeley, Colorado, say little of the extra cash Americans are shelling out is going into their wallets, and they're planning to go on strike next week, reports Tom Polansek of Reuters.

The planned strike ‌"pits a workforce made up largely of immigrants against the world's largest meat company, and it has already driven ranchers to deliver cattle to alternate facilities," Polansek explains. "Meatpackers, including JBS, benefit from climbing prices but also must pay ​record costs to buy cattle to slaughter."

Despite livestock costs, JBS is still posting significant profits. Polansek notes, "JBS in November reported third-quarter profit of $581 million, ⁠down from $693 million a year earlier.

Kim Cordova, president of the United Food and Commercial Workers Local 7 union that represents workers in Greeley, told Reuters, "While customers are paying more than they ever have, none ​of that is trickling down to the frontline worker that's actually doing all the heavy work."

Cordova said JBS fails to adhere to labor laws and has "not negotiated fairly on a new contract over the past eight months," Polansek reports. She told Reuters that workers want a wage that helps them keep up with inflation, and they "want the company to ​stop charging them for replacing protective equipment they wear to do their jobs safely."

For now, JBS has denied Cordova's claims and is standing by its contract offer. JBS told Polansek, "It is strong, fair, and consistent with the historic national contract reached in 2025."

Meanwhile, cattle feeders are moving where they plan to sell their livestock. One feeder told Polansek, "We've ​got way more kill space than finished cattle ready ​to slaughter."

Rural hospitals will be hurt the most from Minnesota Medicaid cuts

Government action, such as cuts to Medicaid in Minnesota, has an “outsized impact” on rural residents, Sarah Melotte reports for the Daily Yonder.

The Trump administration recently announced its intent to withhold $259 million from Minnesota’s Medicaid reimbursements due to fraud concerns. CMS Administrator Mehmet Oz said Medicaid funds in Minnesota were going to "bogus" centers for autistic children and a behavioral health organization that had bills showing doctors working 24 hours a day for more than 450 days.

Percentage of hospital revenue coming from low-income health insurance programs. (Map by Sarah Melotte, Daily Yonder, data from the Center for Healthcare Quality and Payment Reform, Click to enlarge)

Rural hospitals are disproportionately affected by these cuts. Melotte explains that rural hospitals are more likely to operate with negative profit margins than urban hospitals, and 39 of Minnesota’s 98 rural hospitals have negative operating margins. This means the rate of uncompensated care will increase even more in these rural hospitals.

Some of these hospitals are able to stay open using non-operating revenue, such as taxes or philanthropy, but this isn’t the case for all of them, reports Melotte. More than 100 rural hospitals throughout the U.S. have had to close in the last decade, causing rural residents to have to travel farther to access the care that they need.

One nonprofit in Minnesota that houses people with disabilities reported to Minnesota Public Radio that “any cuts to Medicaid funding will directly result in reduced services.”

Medicaid now accounts for around 19% of discharges in rural hospitals nationwide, Melotte writes. “In communities where hospitals operate on thin margins, even small cuts in federal spending can destabilize entire systems of care.”

Food manufacturers tell Trump and Republican lawmakers to choose sides

NAM's report works to explain the food industry's many moving
parts. (National Association of Manufacturers graphic)

After months of trying to avoid direct conflict with  U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Secretary Robert F. Kennedy Jr. or drawing ire from President Donald Trump, the food industry decided it's done dodging the battle.

"America’s food-makers have a message for Trump and Republican lawmakers: You must choose between Robert F. Kennedy Jr.’s agenda and ours," reports Amanda Chu of Politico. At its core, Kennedy's "Make American Health Again" plan includes more regulation, and manufacturers say that will increase costs, potentially limit food supplies or consumer access to certain foods.

To drive their message home, the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) released a video and report titled Manufacturers Feed America, which "warns the food industry is 'under increasing strain,'" Chu writes. The video explains that American consumers won't benefit from a state-by-state "patchwork" of rules that don't account for food production dynamics and challenges. The report points out that regulation will inevitably increase food prices.

NAM wants national uniform standards along with "a seat at the table on policies stemming from Kennedy’s MAHA agenda," Chu adds. NAM CEO Jay Timmons called Kennedy's policies and tactics "a business killer." Timmons maintains that Kennedy's attacks on U.S. manufacturers don't align with Trump's promise to reinvigorate U.S. manufacturing. 

Meanwhile, Kennedy has given food-maker concerns "little deference," Chu adds. "He said he thinks the deference policymakers have shown them in the past was a byproduct of the Washington swamp."

The timing of NAM's publicly shared report and video reflects the industry's awareness of "Republican vulnerabilities on the economy in an effort to push their agenda ahead of the November midterm elections," Chu writes. Midterm outcomes will "shape Trump’s influence for the remainder of his term."

Whatever the agenda, American consumers are weary of increasing food costs. Chu reports, "November’s Politico Poll with Public First found Americans across demographics rank cost of living as the nation’s top problem, with 45% naming grocery prices as their 'most challenging' expense, surpassing housing and health care costs."

Newly formed nonprofit can help with heath care copays, prescription payments and heath insurance denials

Last year the two companies awarded $200k to patients who
needed financial health care help. (Photo by J. Trierweiler)

Uninsured Americans or those with health insurance coverage who are facing sky-high bills or insurance denials might be able to turn to a newly merged nonprofit for assistance.

The Patient Advocate Foundation and the Patient Access Network Foundation joined together and are now operating as the Patient Advocate Foundation. Peter Loftus of The Wall Street Journal reports, "The merger created a nonprofit with more than $800 million in assets to help patients pay for drug copays and appeal health-plan coverage denials."

For many Americans dealing with expiring Affordable Care Act subsidies, job loss or employment that doesn't offer health care benefits, the merger offers a safety net. Loftus writes, "The nonprofits said the combination will allow them to better serve low- and middle-income patients facing rising healthcare costs, including many who have lost insurance coverage."

Patient Advocate Foundation Chief Executive Alan Balch told the Journal, "More people are struggling to pay for care and basic needs than ever before, and the safety net’s being stretched thinner and thinner."

Before the merger, the two nonprofits focused on different health care challenges faced by many Americans. The PAN Foundation helped patients "defray co-pays and other out-of-pocket costs for prescription drugs," Loftus explains. The Patient Advocate Foundation assisted patients who needed to file appeals for health care insurance denials.

In 2025, the two companies made "$273 million in direct payments to patients," Loftus adds. "They awarded financial assistance to nearly 200,000 people during that period."

As one company, the Patient Advocate Foundation will need patients to complete only one application to access all its services. 

Lawmakers and health groups pushback on Rural Health Transformation Program plans and limits

Nebraska State Capitol in Lincoln
(Photo by Pieter van de Sande, Unsplash)

The excitement and energy that was first attached to millions of federal dollars in awards to states for the Rural Health Transformation Program has already started to fade. Some legislatures and health groups are resisting their state's proposals and pushing for more input on how the money is spent, report Arielle Zionts and Sarah Jane Tribble of KFF Health News.

The awards, which are funded through the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, impose strict timelines and rules on the use and implementation of millions of dollars. Lawmakers, who must work quickly to pass bills needed to use the funds, and rural health groups are finding themselves at odds with award restrictions.

Much of the disconnect stems from what many lawmakers thought they could use RHTP money for, based on how the program was marketed, versus what CMS will allow.

The White House promoted RHTP awards as a way to "shore up rural health care," but their use isn't aimed at saving struggling rural hospitals. Instead, the funds are to be used for "seeding innovative projects and technologies," Zionts and Tribble explain. "States can use only up to 15% of their funding to pay providers for patient care."

Some state Republican lawmakers — especially those representing more rural regions — as well as rural hospital advocates, "are upset that the political rhetoric doesn’t match what they see," KFF reports. "They’re also lobbing criticisms at specific aspects of their states’ plans, including the proposed projects, what’s not included, and the spending approval process."

State lawmakers from Wyoming, Ohio, North Dakota, Michigan, North Carolina, Nebraska and Colorado all face conflicts and competing needs to get the work done so their states can spend the money and then decide who gets it, KFF reports.

Jed Hansen, executive director of the Nebraska Rural Health Association, told KFF, "Rural Health Transformation will not save a single hospital in our state. I don’t think it will save a hospital nationally.”

Rural towns provide land, workforce and a unique energy supply to support a new type of nuclear power plant

The Natrium facility divides nuclear and nonnuclear sections of the plant, which leads to more
reliable energy output at lower cost. (TerraPower design graphic)

TerraPower plans to build smaller nuclear power plants in declining coal towns across the U.S., and it needs land, a reliable workforce, and a uniquely enriched uranium to get the job done. Rural towns more than 1,500 miles apart will provide all three for the first reactor.

Kemmerer, Wyoming, is providing the site, many of the workers, and infrastructure supports for TerraPower's first power plant, called Natrium, which recently became "the first new commercial reactor to receive federal approval in nearly a decade," reports Brad Plumer for The New York Times.

The federal permit allows the company to begin construction on Natrium's nuclear components. "The company had already broken ground on the site in 2024 and had begun building the non-nuclear parts of the plant," Plumer explains. Natrium is slated to go online in 2031, just a couple of years before the town's coal plant is expected to be retired.

The plant's designs are novel and will allow smaller, less expensive reactors to be built; however, when the company broke ground on its Kemmerer plant, it didn't have an American supplier for the reactor's unique enriched Uranium known as HALEU.

At the time, only Russia was making HALEU. As TerraPower searched for a solution, a uranium enrichment facility in the rural town of Piketon, Ohio, said it could step up to produce HALEU before the reactor went online.

TerraPower is now "partnering through a memorandum of understanding with Centrus, a company in Ohio, that will likely be the first in the U.S. to make the fuel on a commercial scale," reports of Caitlin Tan of Wyoming Public Radio. 

Virtual Crisis Care connects rural law enforcement with mental health resources during emergencies

Virtual Crisis Care programs, expanding from South Dakota into Wyoming, are helping law enforcement in rural communities gain on-demand access to mental health professionals to de-escalate emergency situations, reports Madeline de Figueiredo for The Daily Yonder.

Officers connect with the telemedicine network Avel eCare in real-time, effectively helping about 80% of individuals across the country to receive care safely at home rather than being unnecessarily hospitalized or incarcerated, Figueiredo explains.

A clinician from Avel eCare specifically assigned to an individual “conducts a risk evaluation, creates a safety plan, and works with officers on next steps,” Figueiredo reports. Because Virtual Crisis Care isn’t just for an emergency response, these next steps always include connecting the individuals with local community health centers for follow-up care.

This program, funded by the Helmsley Charitable Trust, has been used in South Dakota for over five years by more than 30 rural law enforcement departments. Last year, the program was introduced to the Wyoming Association of Sheriffs and Chiefs of Police (WASCOP), with about 25% of law enforcement agencies participating so far.

“I think if you look at serving in rural America, not only on the criminal side but on the mental health side, you deal with the same people over years and decades. If you can get someone struggling with addiction or mental health into treatment and help them change their life, then we’re not seeing them anymore on the law enforcement side of things,” the executive director of WASCOP, Allen Thompson, told Figueiredo.

Study: More Americans ages 18-54 are dying from severe first heart attacks

Even some 35-year-olds are at risk for severe heart
attacks. (Photo by E. Akurt, Unsplash)

Death by heart attack used to be a worry for only older Americans, but a new study revealed an alarming increase in heart attack deaths among younger Americans. The results are particularly worrisome for younger rural Americans who tend to have less access to preventative medical treatment, are more likely to smoke cigarettes and often face longer drives to reach emergency care. 

"The proportion of adults ages 18 to 54 who died in a hospital of a severe first heart attack rose 57% between 2011 and 2022, according to the study published in the Journal of the American Heart Association," reports Betsy McKay of The Wall Street Journal. The study data showed that more than 75% of severe heart attack deaths were men, and 71% were between the ages of 45 and 54 years.

The increase in heart attacks deaths is yet another indicator younger Americans aren't as healthy as previous generations. McKay writes, "Poorer health among younger adults is one reason heart disease remains the leading cause of death in the U.S."

Americans who died after a heart attack often had other underlying chronic health issues or smoked. "About 60% had high blood pressure, while more than half also had high cholesterol and smoked. About a quarter had diabetes."

Younger adults need to be warned that the risk of heart attacks can begin "as early as age 35," McKay adds. "Younger people could use a risk calculator on the AHA’s website." Experts recommend using the 30-year estimate rather than a 10-year one for greater accuracy.

A 'Mafia' outfit centered on growing more American oats

Oats used by most American cereal brands are sourced from
Canada. (Graphic by Adam Dixon, Offrange)

Over the past several decades, the acres of oats American farmers have produced have dipped dramatically. The USDA doesn't heavily subsidize oat crops like it does corn and soybeans, and most oats used in the U.S. are sourced from Canada. However, a "growing group of more than 100 Midwestern farmers is trying to bring it back," reports Aimee Rawlins for Offrange.

Back in 2018, Martin Larsen, a fifth-generation farmer in Minnesota, looked at his crops and thought oats would be good for his soil, and the rising popularity of oat milk could help his bottom line, Rawlins writes.

Larsen convinced other Minnesota farmers to add oats to their rotation. The group struggled to find mills and break into the supply chain. Rawlings writes, "But Larsen and his fellow farmers weren’t deterred. Instead, they coined a name for their group: the Oat Mafia. They decided to create a supply chain — and, eventually, a mill — of their own."

Part of the reason Oat Mafia farmers have persisted is that oat crops do soil systems a world of good, including removing nitrogen that "might otherwise leach into groundwater," Rawlings explains. "And when added to a corn-soy rotation, oats help break pest cycles, reduce disease pressure, and curb resistant weeds." Oats also thrive during severe droughts.

The group's persistence has paid off. "Today, the Oat Mafia has around 125 farmers with 50,000 acres of tillable land and about 6,000 acres of oats, said Larsen, who started with just seven acres and now grows 500," Rawlings writes.

The group is investing in building their own mill to avoid milling entanglements, and Larsen is spending more time promoting oats to other farmers as a financially manageable addition to crop rotations. Rawlings reports, "He aims to be a resource for other farmers who aren’t sure where to start, offering advice on everything from what varieties to plant and how many oats per acre, to how much fertilizer to use and how to combine them."

Quick hits: E15 'Stop the Stall' campaign; popcorn history; Connecticut's bid to attract first responders; Tolkien for men

Rural Voices USA photo

When the congressional Rural Domestic Energy Council failed to meet its Feb. 15 deadline to pass year-round E15 legislation, Rural Voices USA began targeted billboard campaigns in Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska and Wisconsin. WisPolitics-State Affairs reports, "The billboards, part of a six-figure multi-channel pressure campaign, are now live on digital boards. . . .The campaign targets districts represented by Republican champions of E15 legislation who have been unable to move the bill through congressional leadership." Allowing E15 year-round would help corn farmers secure a reliable, domestic income that isn't subject to export volatility.

March has arrived, but in many parts of the U.S., the snow hasn't left. In fact, there are still piles and piles of it everywhere. Victoria Hoffmann of the Christian Science Monitor wondered where a city like Boston, which received more than 5 feet of snow this winter, put all their snow. The answer: Snow farms. "My search led me on a journey to places in Boston I’ve never ventured before. Boston is operating 14 snow farms this year, the first time in years that a mayor ordered that many to be opened."

At first, U.S. movie theaters didn't want to sell 'the noisy
snack.' (Photo by M. Ingvordsen, Unsplash)

Heading to the movies didn't always include a bucket of popcorn. "At first, theater owners wanted nothing to do with the noisy snack. But then came the Great Depression," reports Heidi Mitchell of The Wall Street Journal. "The appeal was obvious: It was cheap, fast and theatrical. Families popped it over wood stoves; peddlers sold it in paper cones at circuses. . . .A whiff of fresh corn could draw a crowd quicker than any barker’s repetitive shout." Read about popcorn's history in the U.S. here.

In a bid to attract more first responders, Connecticut plans to offer recruits a range of incentives. Gov. Ned Lamont's bill, H.B. 5046, "would waive tuition to the state’s public colleges and universities for people who have worked as police officers for at least five years and for people who have served as paid or volunteer firefighters for at least five years," reports Emilia Otte of the CT Mirror. "The bill also authorizes the Connecticut Housing Finance Authority to create a mortgage assistance program for police officers and firefighters."

J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings trilogy has taken millions of readers on what is arguably the most epic rural adventure -- to Mordor and back again. And while the tales of Bilbo and Frodo remain strikingly popular, they continue to have a more dramatic appeal for men. "Both Tolkien’s cosmic vision of Middle-earth and the many genuine heroes that populate his work likely make for an attractive combination in the eyes of many a meaning-starved young man," writes Peter Biles for The Dispatch. "As I wrote for The Dispatch a few months ago, boys don’t just automatically become good men in a vacuum; they need role models. Manhood must be carefully nurtured. . ."

The Great Florida Cattle Drive celebrates the Sunshine State's ranching heritage.
(Great Florida Cattle Drive photo)

When it comes to cowboys and cattle, most Americans tend to think of the West, but in early America, Florida was where the cattle and the cowboys traveled together. In a tribute to the state's history, "nearly 300 people and 300 head of cattle traveled a century back in time for the 5th iteration of the Great Florida Cattle Drive," reports Isaac Eger for National Geographic. Over six days and six nights the drive became "a living history reenactment where hundreds of riders on horseback walk, trot, canter, and gallop through 54 miles of pristine Florida country that is now part of the Florida Wildlife Corridor." Read about their adventure here.