In Appalachia, Obama needs to get uniform dirty, as Jackson did; he'd be like poke, humorist says

Some of the commentary about the presidential primary elections in Kentucky and West Virginia has painted with too broad a brush, leaving the impression that racism is a common trait among Appalachians. A couple of pieces by people who actually know something about the region make clear that plenty of Appalachians are ready to embrace candidates of color.

In the Daily Yonder, Bill Bishop, right, recalls Jesse Jackson's trip to Eastern Kentucky during his 1988 presidential campaign, in which Jackson "drew respect and a following. A reported 4,000 people crammed the high school gym in Hazard to listen to Rev. Jackson speak. Sen. Barack Obama might have been able to pull 4,000 people to the Hazard high school gym in 2008, but he never came to Eastern Kentucky. He held rallies in Louisville, Ky., and Charleston, W.Va,, the two largest cities in the states. But he never ventured into the coalfields." (Kentucky has two coalfields, one shared with West Virginia.)

"In effect, he rejected the people of Kentucky and West Virginia," Tammy Horn, is senior researcher at Eastern Kentucky University's Environmental Research Institute, writes in the Lexington Herald-Leader. "When two states such as West Virginia and Kentucky contribute to half of the energy needs of the nation, a candidate should at least care to create a perception that he acknowledges the people of those states. Not to do so may make some people, dare we say it, bitter." (Read more)

Bishop says Jackson's 1988 trip changed the reverend's life, making him an advocate for poor whites, often in Appalachia. In late 1998, "Jackson brought President Bill Clinton to a gathering of CEOs from Bell Atlantic, Frito Lay, TCI, Citigroup and the New York Stock Exchange to talk about poverty in the mountains. Jackson told the business elite that this was the time to make a commitment to Appalachia. ... He turned to Clinton and reminded him that those who wore 'clean uniforms' never got in the game. 'Those who play have stains on their uniforms,' Jackson said. If you eat an early breakfast in the mountains, there’s a good chance you’ll sit next to some miners fresh off the hoot-owl shift. Their uniforms and their faces will be smudged from their jobs underground. They showed up for work and they expect their politicians to show up, too."

So, Obama still has a clean uniform, and the betting is that he won't get it dirty in West Virginia or Kentucky, where Hillary Clinton beat him badly. But a longtime Eastern Kentucky political and humor columnist (who is also a Republican) writes in the Herald-Leader that Obama would be a tonic to the political system much like pokeweed, above, can be. (Southeastern Outdoors photo)

Pikeville lawyer Larry Webster, left, puts his observations in the mind of Slemp, one of his regular characters: "The country people have always used poke to clean them out in the spring. You have to be fairly close to plumbing to eat poke, but with some fried, salt-cured shoulder and a boiled egg or two, Slemp would be willing to take the risk. ... Slemp thinks Obama will act on the government like poke acts on people, which would be a real good thing. Slemp has nothing against the sons of admirals or the sons of the 41st president or the wife of the 42nd, but he thinks them unlikely to have the desired poke effect. It appears that all of those kinds of people will only further impact the national bowel."

As for the rumor that Obama is a Muslim, stated as fact by the Republican judge-executive of neighboring Leslie County, Webster writes: "He wishes Obama actually was a Muslim, saying it would be a good time to have one for president. Slemp says that if Republican county judges can turn Christians into Muslims, the safest thing would be to lock the county judges up in Guantanamo before somebody hires them to turn all Christians into Muslims. Most of the women Slemp knows could use a good veiling." (Read more)

What goes around comes around: Globalization now helps Danville and parts of Southside Va.

Danville and much of the rest of Southside Virginia declined economically along with the linchpins of the Piedmont: tobacco, textiles and furniture, all hurt by globalization, especially the latter two. Dan River Fabrics (in photo by Misscharo) is down to 50 employees from its former 15,000. But now, "The powerful global economic forces that swept away thousands of jobs over the past two decades are now working in Danville's favor," and for other towns in the region, The Washington Post reports. "New companies are moving in to breathe life into once-tired economies across the industrial corridor in central and southwestern Virginia and in Southside, a strip of generally poor counties in the south-central part of the state."

Ylan Q. Mui reports for the Post, "The weakening dollar has made the United States more attractive to foreign investors. Companies from England, Canada and India have recently opened operations or expanded in Danville." The latest is Swedwood, the manufacturing subsidiary of the IKEA home-products chain, and one reason is rising oil prices. "Shipping Ikea's popular Expedit bookshelves to the United States, for example, costs more than it does to make them, said Joseph Roth, the company's U.S. public affairs manager," Mui writes. To get the plant, which is supposed to eventually employ 700, "The city paved its entry with new facilities, secured permits and state Tobacco Commission grants" -- money from Virginia's share of states' 10-year-old settlement with cigarette manufacturers.

At Swedwood's log-cutting (IKEA's version of a ribbon-cutting) last week, Gov. Tim Kaine said, “Sometimes people hear about globalism and think ‘what are we going to lose next? Globalism is also about winning, and so many of the announcements we’ve done here in Danville are foreign companies wanting to come to the United States. …There isn’t a reason we have to be afraid of globalism.”For the story by Sarah Arkin of the Danville Register & Bee, click here.

Danville still has a long way to go, the newspaper said in a May 1 editorial: "The best long-term solution is raising education levels and worker skills, which helps people get better-paying jobs that offer health insurance, which leads to more preventative care and the faster, more intensive treatment of disease, which typically leads to longer, healthier lives." Noting a recent report that people in the region are living shorter lives, the editorial concluded, "Declining life expectancies are another result of the long slumber that Danville has only recently started to awaken from. If we understand how we wound up with these problems, it’s easier to get started on the solutions." (Read more)

The local hero is retiring City Manager Jerry Gwaltney, who also successfully pushed Danville as a regional shopping hub for several rural counties. A shopping center that will employ 1,300 to 1,600 is under construction. A list of Gwaltney's successes ran in a Register & Bee story on his retirement. Writing in the Daily Yonder, Danville native John Borden asks, "Can Danville as a whole rebuild its economic life and energize its educational and social life after seeing its textile- and tobacco-town identity definitively become part of the historic past? Is there a unique next chapter? If not, does this mean that the city over time becomes just another distribution center of the national consumer culture, helping to deliver what the focus groups say is good to every corner of our country. Will people finally speak 'proper' English and then have nothing to say?' (Read more)

Dream of 'clean coal' seems farther away as feds, utilities take more steps backward than forward

Despite an advertising campaign by the coal industry and lip service from the three main presidential candidates, the idea of "clean coal" is only that. And prospects for making it a reality are "lagging badly," The New York Times reports.

"In the last few months, utility projects in Florida, West Virginia, Ohio, Minnesota and Washington state that would have made it easier to capture carbon dioxide have all been canceled or thrown into regulatory limbo," Matthew Wald writes. "The failure to start building, testing, tweaking and perfecting carbon capture and storage means that developing the technology may come too late to make coal compatible with limiting global warming."

We've reported on the Energy Department's pulling the plug on the proposed FutureGen plant in Illinois, which was supposed to prove the technology. The department, citing cost overruns, wants to divvy up the work into smaller projects, including power plants now on the drawing board, but faces political opposition in Congress. More important, though, are the long-term concerns, which Wald summarizes nicely:

"Scientists need to figure out which kinds of rock and soil formations are best at holding carbon dioxide. They need to be sure the gas will not bubble back to the surface. They need to find optimal designs for new power plants so as to cut costs. And some complex legal questions need to be resolved, such as who would be liable if such a project polluted the groundwater or caused other damage far from the power plant."

Unless those questions are answered soon, electric companies may "build the next generation of coal plants using existing technology," Wald writes. "That would ensure that vast amounts of global warming gases would be pumped into the atmosphere for decades." One alternative is an intermediate step, coal-gasification plants that would be more efficient and emit carbon dioxide per kilowatt. Duke Energy has proposed such a plant in Indiana. (Read more)

LEARN MORE ABOUT IT: The prospects for carbon storage, climate change and the future of mountaintop-removal strip mining of coal will be among the topics at "Covering Climate Change and Our Energy Future in Rural America," an Oct. 15 workshop that will precede the annual conference of the Society of Environmental Journalists conference in Roanoke. The conference home page says the workshop is open only to SEJ members, but the Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues will offer sponsorships to coalfield and other Appalachian journalists to attend. Check the Institute's home page for details, to be posted soon. For an agenda of the workshop, click here.

North Carolina legislator files bill to ban use of coal mined by mountaintop-removal strip mining

A legislator in North Carolina, the state that supposedly ranks second in the use of coal mined by removing mountaintops, filed a bill this week to ban use of coal mined in that way.

"Mountaintop removal coal mining is an extremely destructive form of strip mining found throughout Appalachia, with some mines as big as the island of Manhattan," The Herald Dispatch of Huntington, W.Va., reported in a story on the bill. "Coalfield residents say that it tears apart communities, poisons water supplies, pollutes the air and destroys our nation's natural heritage – while only making the climate crisis worse."

The bill's sponsor, Rep. Pricey Harrison, said, "Mountaintop removal coal mining presents a clear and present danger to the Appalachian Mountains, which are home to a vibrant and indelible culture, stunning biodiversity and enormous economic potential."

North Carolina, which has no coal mines, would be the first state with such a law. Appalachian Voices, a group opposed to mountaintop-removal mining, says North Carolina is second only to Georgia in its use of mountaintop-removal coal, getting 61 percent of its electricity from coal-fired plants.

Tennessee to get open-records appeal office, but agencies will be able to charge for large requests

Tennessee is about to get its the "first major revision of its open records law in 25 years. The bill has been delivered to Democratic Gov. Phil Bredesen, who is expected to sign it. “He’s been supportive of the bill throughout,” Frank Gibson, executive director of the Tennessee Coalition for Open Government, told Virgie Townsend of the Reporters Committee for Freedom of the Press.

"The bill creates the Office of Open Records Counsel to deal with open records issues for local government and requires open records requests to be available within seven days," Townsend reports. "The bill also contains a temporary provision that will allow agencies to charge requesters for their actual time spent filling the request if it takes more than five hours," which seems to be a growing trend among states. Iowa officials recently enacted a three-hour rule.

Tennessee's open-records law has been ranked among the nation's worst. "Agencies don’t have a deadline for responding to records requests, custodians don’t have to provide a legal reason for denying records requests and citizens don’t have a place to go to find out how to acquire public records," Townsend writes. "Gibson said that the new bill remedies those problems." (Read more)

Keeping tabs on sex offenders in rural areas may be a more common police task than you think

Here's a story that could be done in many rural communities, maybe more than you might realize. Read on.

Detective Amanda McNamee of the Dickinson, N.D., Police Department is assigned to keep tabs on the small city's 20 registered sex offenders. "In addition to being fingerprinted, photographed and swabbed for a DNA sample, (sex offenders) must register with local law enforcement officials within three days of moving into a community," Dan Barry writes in the The New York Times.

"This includes providing home address, employer’s address, e-mail address and any information regarding motor vehicles, schools and 'social networking.' Every now and then the police department sends a news release to the local newspaper to report that a high-risk offender has moved to town. Its boilerplate text explains that notification is being made 'in the belief that an informed public is a safer public,' but that the information 'is not to be used to threaten, harass, assault, or intimidate the registered offenders.' In the end, one person monitors the registered sex offenders of Dickinson: Detective McNamee, 27, the wife of a night-shift supervisor at the Baker Boy plant and the mother of two children, one 19 months old, the other 4 months old."

McNamee became one of only two women on a force of approximately 25 when she joined in 2003. After several years of riding patrol, she transferred to the investigations unit in 2006 and recognized "an opportunity to improve the way the department kept track of the city’s registered sex offenders. Now she has her 'high-risk guys,' her 'moderate-risk guys' and her 'low-risk guys,' a few of whom reside upstairs from her office, in the Southwest Multi-County Correction Center. She makes a point of meeting each one of these inmates to say, 'When you’re out, I’ll come see you.'" Eleven low-risk offenders are checked on by Detective McNamee every few months, but "she gives much closer scrutiny to her five moderate-risk offenders and her four high-risk offenders... She keeps track of them through telephone conversations and face-to-face meetings that are nothing if not guarded."

Officers of the Texas Association Against Sexual Assault "believe a law passed in recent years restricting where registered sex offenders may live have caused many to move to rural areas," writes James Nash in The Courier of Montgomery County. "The new law, barring offenders from living within 2,000 feet of schools, parks or day care centers, was part of U.S. House Bill 8, also known as Jessica’s Law, which went into effect on Sept. 1 of last year. It also eliminated the statute of limitations in cases of child sexual assault and doubles the statute of limitations for other sexually violent offenses, therefore increasing the number of offenders required to register.

The bill was named for Jessica Lunsford, a 9-year-old Florida girl whose kidnapping, rape and murder in 2005 by a registered sex offender gained national attention. Additionally, House Bill 8 included a mandatory minimum sentence of 25 years to life for aggravated sexual assault of someone under 14 years old, and the option of the death penalty or life without parole for a second aggravated sexual assault against someone under 14. It also requires sexually violent predators who are civilly committed — instead of criminally — to wear a global position system device for the rest of their lives. Texas was the thirty-second state to adopt Jessica's Law."

Most states have passed laws that restrict where sex offenders can live, which may result in many relocating to rural areas. Is this a problem in your community, and if so, is there a Detective McNamee in your community?

Seeking more smartphones for rural areas, group asks FCC to ban exclusive maker-provider deals

Technology has the potential to advance the lives of individuals, the ingenuity of businesses, and the productivity of communities, but only when such devices or services are available. The Rural Cellular Association filed a petition May 20 asking the Federal Communications Commission to ban exclusive agreements between cellular phone makers and service providers, which RCA said would provide rural residents with more opportunities to acquire the most recent cellular technology.

The association of 82 small and rural cellular service providers "contended the exclusivity agreements are 'anticompetetive' and 'unfair' because they stifle consumer choice and often mean premium prices for users," writes Scott Carlson for the Argus Leader in Sioux Falls, S.D.: "The group also contended such exclusive arrangements are creating another 'digital divide' between urban and rural America. Those consumers affected usually live in rural areas where service is not available from some wireless carriers who also control the sale of advanced handsets, the group said in its petition."

The petition mentions several specific devices, including the Apple iPhone, Verizon's Voyager, and the Samsung Ace, that utilize multimedia and Internet technology. Many national cellular phone companies "do not offer adequate coverage in rural areas," writes Chase Higgins on Phonemag.com. "Some customers have no choice but to be with the smaller carriers. The petition claims these subscribers should not be left out in the cold when it comes to new handsets" and the technology that accompanies them.

RCA says many consumers wind up "being channeled to purchase wireless service from a carrier that has monopolistic control over the desired handset and having to pay a premium price for the handset because the market is void of any competition for the particular handset." The group said in its petition, "Americans living in rural areas who cannot get any coverage from the carriers benefiting from these exclusive arrangements are also harmed, since they are denied the technological benefits of many of the most popular handsets available today. The Commission must ... reverse the increasingly common practice of exclusive handset arrangements that deprive rural area residents of the benefits of evolving technology."

The petition, which claims all rural areas are affected by "these exclusive arrangements," cited rural areas from 16 states. "The agreements essentially increase the digital divide between urban and rural areas" RCA counsel David Nace told the Times-News in Twin Falls, Idaho,

Rising energy prices spur gas leasing among landowners who don't know how to get best deal

Here's a story that could be done by lots of rural journalists, and probably needs to be done by many, to keep their readers, viewers or listeners from getting taken. The Associated Press reports, "Unsuspecting property owners around the country are getting trampled in an old-fashioned land rush by natural gas companies and speculators trying to lock up long-ignored drilling rights quickly and cheaply. Stories of fast-talking industry representatives using scare tactics to strong-arm people into signing lowball leases are popping up in rural areas and suburbs from New York to West Virginia to parts of Indiana and Texas."

This is an old story in places familiar with oil and gas drilling, but rising energy prices have prompted leasing activity in many areas that are unfamiliar with it, or among landowners who haven't seen it in many years and lack working knowledge of the process -- knowledge that can help them get better deals and avoid unnecessary damage to their property if it is drilled. We first reported this April 8 in an item about gas leasing in Appalachia; the AP story (for which we could not find a reporter's byline or newspaper's credit line) also mentions the Illinois Basin, which extends into Indiana and Kentucky.

The story tells the cautionary tale of Brad Castle, a farmer and convenience-store owner in Rowlesburg, W.Va. Castle thought he had cut a good deal when he leased 800 acres for $5 an acre and the standard royalty of one-eighth of production, until more land agents showed up offering as much as $350 an acre. "There's got to be a law broke[n] somewhere," he told the reporter. We doubt it, though Castle does report a possible fraud, saying the leasing agent told him that drillers could get his gas without paying him anything. That may be true, but it certainly would be illegal.

In most states, landowners can form a pool that companies find more attractive for development and for which they are willing to pay higher prices. The story mentions a group of farmers in New York's Broome and Delaware counties that got $2,411 an acre and a 15 percent royalty for a five-year lease. Typically, such leases are renewable; they also can be renegotiable, if the landowner gets that right up front.

West Virginia lawyer David McMahon and the West Virginia Surface Owners' Rights Organization advise landowners to "take their time and refuse to be rushed into signing leases," AP reports. McMahon "also suggests rejecting standard leases in favor of documents containing protections against roads, potential pollutants such as saltwater injections, and use of depleted wells for gas storage. Herschel McDivitt, director of Indiana's Division of Oil and Gas, offers similar advice. "There just aren't a lot of savvy landowners out there," McDivitt said.

In Pennsylvania, Penn State horticulture specialist Thomas Murphy has organized a program to help landowners get the best deals. One session recently attracted a standing-room-only crowd of 1,200. For a report on his work, from Deborah Benedetti of Penn State Outreach magazine, click here. For Penn State's Web site on the subject, click here.

Raided meatpacker was repeatedly notified that workers were using bogus Social Security numbers

"The politically-connected meatpacking company where almost 400 undocumented workers were arrested earlier this month ignored repeated government warnings about the use of false identification papers amongst its employees," according to an affadavit by a federal agent, Lynda Waddington reports for the online Iowa Independent.

The agent swore that Agriprocessors Inc. "received a dozen letters from the Social Security Administration in 2005 and 2006," Waddington writes. "The letters stated that up to 78 percent of the businesses' workforce provided Social Security information that did not match with government records." Immigration agent David Hoagland said, "Agriprocessors has repeatedly been made aware that large numbers of its employees were using Social Security numbers that have discrepancies for each tax year from 2000 to 2005."

Waddington's story details the many political contributions made by owners of the plant in Postville, Iowa. It remains to be seen whether they will face criminal prosecution, as more than 300 workers at the plant have. At a forum sponsored by La Prensa, a Spanish-language paper in western Iowa, immigration lawyer Jo Ann Barten predicted similar raids, perhaps soon, reports the Independent's Doug Burns. He and LaPrensa Editor Lorena Lopez collaborated on a story for her paper about the raid. To read it, click here.

Appalachian Democrats say Obama could carry their states in fall if he would spend time there

The headline is "Will Obama fight for rural votes?" but the story in today's Lexington Herald-Leader is almost all about Appalachia -- specifically, Kentucky and West Virginia, where Hillary Clinton beat Barack Obama like a rented mule in primaries this month. The prevailing view of Democrats quoted by Linda Blackford is that if Obama spent time in Appalachia, he would overcome some of the resistance based on his race and false rumors that he is a Muslim (cited as fact by one top Republican county official to Blackford).

The hopeful Democrats cite the example of John F. Kennedy, who spent half the month before the 1960 West Virginia primary showing voters in the Mountain State that "he wasn't wearing the pope's clothes," said Charles Peters, who was Kennedy's Kanawha County chairman and went on to serve in his administration and found The Washington Monthly. Obama made only one campaign stop this year in West Virginia, and likewise in Kentucky, and lost both by more than 30 percentage points.

We have no doubt that Obama could gain many votes by spending time in Appalachia and finding common ground like that state Rep. Greg Stumbo of Prestonsburg, Ky., mentioned to Blackford: "He could say, 'I'm one of you, I've been looked down upon because of my color and we've got to overcome these stereotypes.' I think that would sell pretty well up here. People want to hear him say things, like 'I'm not a Muslim, I'm not part of this sect that hates America.'"

But time is the most pecious commodity for presidential nominees, the election is now about electoral votes, and Kentucky and West Virginia only have eight and five, respectively. The real battle in Appalachia this fall is likely to be in Pennsylvania and Ohio, particularly the "Pennsyltucky" congressional that runs from Pennsylvania to Kentucky. Princeton University history professor Sean Wilentz noted on Huffington Post the importance of Pennsylvania and Ohio to Democrats.

In Ohio and Pennsylvania, the map looks more favorable to Obama than those below, which ran with Blackford's story. Peters told her that Obama also needs to make an effort in other regions. "They still have to try because these people exist all over the country " he said. "I just think they (the Obama campaign) didn't realize how hard they had to fight back. It's got to be a multi-pronged attack." Text in the graphic below contains an error; Obama did better in Kentucky than in West Virginia, but worse in Eastern Kentucky.

Criminal prosecutions in largest-ever raid signal feds' tougher attitude toward illegal immigration

Prosecutions stemming from the nation's largest-ever criminal immigration raid "signal a sharp escalation in the Bush administration’s crackdown on illegal workers, with prosecutors bringing tough federal criminal charges against most of the immigrants arrested," writes Julia Preston of The New York Times. "Until now, unauthorized workers have generally been detained by immigration officials for civil violations and rapidly deported."

Raiders of the Agriprocessors Inc. plant in Postville, Iowa, detained 389 workers, mostly from Guatemala. Yesterday, the prosecutions of 297 who pleaded guilty ended, with 270 being sentenced to five months in prison for working with false documents and 27 getting probation. "The large number of criminal cases was remarkable because immigration violations generally fall under civil statutes. Until now, relatively few immigrants caught in raids have been charged with federal crimes like identity theft or document fraud," Preston reports. "No charges have been brought against managers or owners at Agriprocessors, but there were indications that prosecutors were also preparing a case against the company. In pleading guilty, immigrants had to agree to cooperate with any investigation."

The plant, the largest U.S. producer of kosher meat, has long been controversial. "Since 2004, the plant has faced repeated sanctions for environmental and worker safety violations. It was the focus of a 2006 exposé in The Jewish Daily Forward and a commission of inquiry that year by Conservative Jewish leaders," Preston reports. "In Postville, workers from the plant, still feeling aftershocks from the raid, said conditions there were often harsh. In interviews, they said they were often required to work overtime and night shifts, sometimes up to 14 hours a day, but were not consistently paid for the overtime." (Read more)

The raid has prompted much action and discussion in Postville's religious community, reports Karen Heinselman of the Waterloo-Cedar Falls Courier. "Last week, Christian radio station manager Doug Smith of 101.9 KNWS challenged listeners to examine immigration in the context of faith, removed from politics," she writes. Smith asked, "Can we help our nation craft policies that respect our laws and our right of border protection while at the same time treating people with respect and compassion?" (Read more) The station is one of 15 owned by Northwestern College of St. Paul, Minn., a liberal-arts school with a Baptist heritage.

UPDATE, June 2: "Federal law enforcement agencies have increased criminal prosecutions of immigration violators to record levels, in part by filing minor charges against virtually every person caught illegally crossing some stretches of the U.S.-Mexico border, according to new U.S. data," Spencer Hsu reports for The Washington Post. (Read more)

Another fast-food chain agrees to pay tomato pickers more, but growers' group still opposed

Florida tomato pickers could see their pay nearly double following an agreement between their organization and Miami-based Burger King, the second-largest U.S. hamburger-restaurant chain.

"Under the deal with the Coalition of Immokalee Workers, Burger King agreed to pay 1.5 cents more per pound of tomatoes it buys from Florida growers, with a penny of that going to the workers," report The Courier-Journal and The Associated Press. "Louisville's Yum! Brands was the first restaurant company to agree to pay slightly more for the tomatoes used by its chains, following a lengthy boycott of its Taco Bell chain. McDonald's also agreed to a similar deal last year. ... Those deals have existed on paper only because the industry group representing Florida tomato growers refused to allow its members to participate." (Read more)

The previous agreements added a penny a pound. To encourage the Florida Tomato Growers Exchange to accept the latest deal, Burger King agreed to pay 1.5 cents more per pound, with the extra half-cent to cover administrative costs and any additional payroll taxes. The exchange still opposes the deals. "It says no legal avenue exists to ensure the raise is passed on to workers, who it estimates make an average of $12.50 per hour. The coalition estimates workers earn 45 cents per 32-pound bucket," the Miami Herald reported. (Read more) Burger King said the deal would cost it $320,000 a year.

Twin dailies in Illinois recognized for helping their towns work together for economic development

Newspapers can play a key role in getting communities in their region to cooperate on economic-development efforts, and one that does that in Illinois was recognized this month for its efforts.

The Journal Gazette-Times Courier, of Mattoon and Charleston, won a Business Ethics and Social Involvement award from the East Central Illinois Development Corporation, which covers nine counties. Publisher Carl Walworth is at right in the photo from his paper, with Charleston businessman and Mayor John Inyart, left, and Jim Ryan, a civic volunteer from Marshall.

The Lee Enterprises paper was nominated by Scott Lensink, President of Lake Land College, who said at the awards banquet, “The Journal Gazette and especially its publisher Carl Walworth have really helped to bring Mattoon and Charleston closer together.” The towns are eight miles apart. While the newspapers are actually zoned editions of the same paper, the Journal Gazette remains identified with Matton and the Times-Courier with Charleston. Editor & Publisher lists them with circulations of 9,668 and 6,166, respectively; their Web site gives higher figures and says the combined circulation is 18,322. For more about the papers, click here. For their story on the event, by Managing Editor Bill Lair, click here.

Rural entrepreneur Jack Schultz wrote on his Boomtown USA blog, "Having observed Mattoon and Charleston from 30 miles away over the past several decades, I couldn’t agree with Scott more. One of the problems that I’ve observed of sister cities like Mattoon and Charleston is that they spend way too much time fighting each other rather than trying to figure out how best to work together. The local newspaper, especially under the leadership of Carl Walworth, has tirelessly championed a togetherness approach through such efforts as a quarterly leaders' breakfast for the entire county, a program to recognize young leadership in the county, a program to recognize volunteers, and several other innovative programs."

Schultz writes that Walworth was a journalist "and wasn’t necessarily the logical choice when the longtime publisher retired. However, under his leadership I’ve watched in awe as he has taken a very positive approach to reporting news and promoting the region. The example of the transformation of the Journal Gazette led by Carl is a lesson that other local newspapers would do well to study if they hope to positively impact their region. Virtually anyone who is looking to move to a town (business, doctor, professional, etc.) is going to subscribe to the newspaper prior to making the decision to move."

Schultz says sensational reporting of crime can create the wrong impression and suggests taking it off the front page. We can't agree with such a blanket rule, but there are good journalistic reasons, not just good community-development reasons, to make sure such coverage is measured in a way that accurately reflects its importance to the community. We would also add that newspapers that fall short on grammar, style, spelling and even presentation can create a bad impression, too.

Saturday, May 24 is deadline to sign up for SPJ's Citizen Journalism Academy in Greensboro, N.C.

The Society of Professional Journalists will host the second of three Citizen Journalism Academy programs June 7 at Guilford College’s Frank Family Science Center, Bryan Junior Auditorium. The registration deadline is Saturday, May 24 and seating is limited.

The workshop will teach citizens how to practice accurate and ethical journalism. SPJ aims to help participants understand how such practices could increase reach and reputations within a specified community and around the world. “As people are practicing journalism through blogs, Web site production and interaction with sites maintained by mainstream news organizations, they’re contributing to the daily news cycle while influencing how community members get their news and perceive the world around them,” said SPJ President Clint Brewer. “SPJ sees this as an opportunity to help citizen journalists by arming them with the tools they will need to be an effective citizen journalist or community watchdog.”

Topics in these one-day workshops will explore:

— Journalism ethics. The new-media landscape is rife with dilemmas for anyone wanting to report accurately, fairly and outside the bounds of speci al interests.

— The basics of media law. The same longstanding laws concerning libel, slander and access to people and information apply to 21st Century news-gatherers.

— Access to public records and meetings. Public information can add substance and value to every news story. But knowing where to look for it can be tough.

— Standard and responsible reporting practices. With media ethics and law in mind, how else should news-gatherers approach sources?

— The use of technology. We'll show you an array of tools you could start using — or continue using even more effectively.

The program will run from 8 a.m. to 5 p.m. The $25 fee includes lunch and course materials. For more information or to register, click here.

Anther Citizen Journalism Academy will be held in Los Angeles on June 28. Funding is provided by SPJ's Sigma Delta Chi Foundation.

Judge triples damages chain-owned weekly must pay independent for undercutting it with ad rates

A victory for independent weekly newspapers was amplified this week when a California judge said a chain-owned weekly in San Francisco had to pay triple damages -- $15.9 million -- for trying to put the independent San Francisco Bay Guardian out of business with subsidies and bargain advertising rates. Superior Court Judge Marla Miller also slapped SF Weekly with an injunction barring it from selling ads below cost for 10 years. Both papers use free circulation. The ruling followed a jury verdict in March.

"Although offering a lower price is the golden rule of good business, it can be illegal in California if a company purposely undercuts a rival with the specific intention of bankrupting the competition," Meredith May explains in the San Francisco Chronicle. "SF Weekly has vowed to appeal. Its lawyers argue the Guardian lost money due to outside forces, including the dot-com bust, Craigslist and lagging reader interest." SF weekly is owned by Village Voice Media, based in Phoenix. (Read more)

More rural broadband access needed for social and economic development; new study explains why

Educators, businesses, hospitals, other institutions and residents in rural areas are concerned about the limited availability of advanced telecommunications services, including high-speed Internet services, and a new study explains why and offers recommendations for making broadband more available.

"Proactive policies are needed to facilitate broadband Internet access and adoption in rural areas so that rural hospitals, schools and businesses can drive social and economic development and better position themselves to compete," a group of Penn State researchers and a recently released report, Broadband Internet Use in Rural Pennsylvania, through the Center for Rural Pennsylvania.

"While the report focuses on Pennsylvania, their recommendations hold true for any state with a large rural population, according to the researchers, says Science Daily. The report "examines broadband availability and adoption in four sectors -- health care, local government, education and business -- through case studies, interviews with key information-technology personnel and analysis of organizations' Web sites.

"Broadband services offer a huge opportunity for rural areas with significant payback in terms of economic development and community revitalization,' said co-author Amy Glasmeier, professor of geography and academic partner of the Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues. 'The Internet makes possible a whole range of processes which involve more than rapid access to information and which range from joint projects by municipalities and collaborations between schools to development of new business processes.'"

According to Glasmeier and her colleagues, broadband Internet use has increased steadily among rural residents, but is still not widespread in rural areas, and dial-up service often remains the only affordable options in some areas. "While dial-up allows for electronic access to information, its slower speed and lower bandwidth capacity limit organizations from developing Internet-enabled processes and collaborations -- what the researchers distinguish as 'transformative' uses," Science Daily writes.

"For instance, with broadband Internet, rural hospitals could improve patient care by forging networks with urban hospitals to access their expertise and resources. Rural hospitals also could develop interactive processes such as online appointment scheduling, remote patient monitoring through biosignals and image data and videoconferencing between patients and doctors. 'Policy must consider ways to facilitate broadband deployment to do more than the status quo only slightly faster or with less face-to-face contact,' Glasmeier said. But policy makers also need to recognize that there is no single solution to the challenges of broadband utilization. Programs need to be specific to their sectors and linked to the specific challenges facing individual sectors, the researchers assert."

"There is a huge opportunity to facilitate the integration of new technology across a host of sectors" the report states. "Optimization is the watchword; this requires cooperation across groups that currently are only loosely confederated and largely go it alone in service provision... In the optimal situation, government should act as an intermediary and facilitator of broadband use." (Read more)

Upper Midwest losing young workers to other areas, perhaps changing its basic character

Wisconsin, Nebraska, the Dakotas and neighboring states are losing young workers who are not sticking around following graduation from high school or college. These workers represent a "valuable commodity in the Upper Midwest [that] is draining away," Celeste Headlee reports for National Public Radio.

In a recent story that is part of NPR's ongoing series The Bottom Line, which investigates how the current economic downturn is affecting people and their communities, Headlee says that graduates are more likely to head east, west or south to search for a better lifestyle. "People go where they think they're going to get work," Iowa State University economist John Swinson said. "Jobs go to where they think they're going to find they right kind of people. Where those two things intersect currently isn't in the Midwest or the Plains."

"Moving statistics from moving companies really tells a tale of whether states are having in-migration or out-migration, and the Midwest and Illinois are suffering from out-migration at a very large rate," said John Tillman of the Illinois Policy Institute. He said Illinois, a major agricultural state with many rural residents, has lost more than 700,000 in the last decade. Such losses are not restricted to metro areas as, according to Tillman; 75 percent of counties in the upper Midwest have experienced population declines.

"Every state in the Midwest has been doing everything they can think of to stimulate growth to try to entice, bribe or otherwise subsidize economic development, whatever it takes to remain competitive they've tried it" Swinson said. Curt Metzger, director of research for the United Way for Southeastern Michigan, said states can't sit back and wait for things to improve, and it is time for a complete change of mindsets. "Those Midwest values that we all feel very strongly about, the whole idea was, 'Yeah the kids are going to go away because kids always do, but they're going to come back when it's time to raise a family,' but it doesn't happen anymore." Metzger said that states need to move beyond reforming tax structures and developing new industries. This, according to him, includes an update to Midwestern values that could mean changing everything we know about the Midwest.

Large-animal veterinarian shortage affects animals, humans and perhaps food safety

Pam Belluck of The New York Times took a fresh look recently at the shortage of large-animal veterinarians, an important story that could be done in many rural areas.

"Since 1990, the number of veterinarians focusing on large animals has dropped to fewer than 4,500 from nearly 6,000, according to the American Veterinary Medical Association, which said those doctors now made up less than 10 percent of private-practice veterinarians," Belluck writes. "A recent study predicted that by 2016, 4 out of every 100 food-animal veterinary jobs would go unfilled." (Photo for the Times by Linda Coas O'Kresik)

“We look at it as a crisis,” Dr. Roger Mahr, the association’s president told Belluck. He "cited serious consequences not only for the well-being of farmers and animals, but also potentially for food safety and the impact of non-native diseases like bird flu. “Of all the emerging diseases in people in the last 25 years, 75 percent of those were transmitted from animals,” Mahr said. “Veterinarians are the ones to identify those diseases in animals first.”

Maine, for example, has only 30 large-animal veterinarians, "and across the country, veterinarians who care for the animals that provide the United States with food are in increasingly short supply. For one, there is generally more money to be made caring for cats and dogs. And with fewer students from farm backgrounds, fewer gravitate to rural jobs, especially if a spouse needs work, too. Large-animal care can be tough, even dangerous — think of maneuvering in frigid weather around 1,000-pound cows in manure-filled pens. And more veterinarians are women, generally less inclined toward large animals."

A 2004 federal law that "offered to repay" student loans to veterinarians who work in underserved areas, has received little financing, Belluck writes. Loan repayment or grant programs have under way or have been proposed in Kansas, Maine, Missouri, North Dakota, Texas, and elsewhere, she reported. "In Iowa, students at the state’s veterinary school formed Vsmart, which barnstorms county fairs and 4-H meetings to entice teenagers to become rural veterinarians." In Oklahoma, a legislator-rancher has introduced a bill offering tax breaks to large-animal veterinarians.

Small-animal vet practices can be more profitable because they allow dozens of animals to be treated each day in an office setting, as opposed to required long distance trips between farms and ranches for those working with large animals. Owners of family cats or dogs are more likely to pay for expensive treatments or procedures.

Bush vetoes Farm Bill; quick override expected

President Bush vetoed the Farm Bill today, saying "At a time of high food prices and record farm income, this bill lacks program reform and fiscal discipline." He said it uses "budget gimmicks" to hide spending increases" and "continues subsidies for the wealthy." His statement continued, "The American taxpayer should not be forced to subsidize that group of farmers who have adjusted gross incomes of up to $1.5 million."

Bush also criticized creation of a new program that could cost billions if commodity prices drop, several specific spending earmarks in the bill, and the extension of prevailing-wage rules, which he said have no place in the bill. He also cited unspecified "constitutional concerns." But the House and Senate, which passed the bill by veto-proof margins, are expected to override the veto quickly because current farm programs expire Friday.

UPDATE: The House discovered that it failed to send the full bill to Bush, invalidating his veto, so an emergency measure may be needed to extend farm programs again. But the ultimate outcome, passage of the bill into law, does not appear to be in doubt. For details from Peter Shinn of Brownfield Network, click here.

Memphis-area initiative aims to develop crops as feedstocks for industrial products

The Memphis Bioworks Foundation is promoting a "future in which farmers throughout the Mid-South [will] ship crops to Memphis, where chemical companies convert them into everything from paint to plastic bottles," writes Daniel Connolly in The Commercial Appeal.

"The nonprofit, which focuses on building up science-based businesses and creating highly paid jobs, is planning a big push into industrializing agriculture. They're calling the initiative AgBio. 'The long-term trend says that a bio-based economy is going to develop,' said Bioworks leader Steve Bares. 'That opportunity for job growth is something we want to be positioned for.' Bares and associates emphasize that the effort goes beyond bio-based fuels. The foundation envisions farmers growing special crops for industrial purposes and using non-edible 'biomass,' including leftovers like corn stalks, to make products such as lubricants, fibers and coatings."

"Bio-based products are a dramatically growing part of our domestic and the global economy," Bruce Scherr, head of Informa Economics, a Memphis-based agriculture consulting firm that focuses on agriculture, food and energy, told Connolly. Some time may pass before bio-based fuels take hold in the United States, he said: "The science for creating fuel out of cellulose remains crude, he said. But there's lots of potential to create lubricants, fibers and other products from biological sources."

A strategic plan for building up the agricultural industry in the Memphis area "should by ready by early 2009, and while it's being developed, the group plans to draw farmers throughout the area into the planning process," Connolly writes. Bares told him, "The message to farmers is this is clearly an opportunity for farmers to make money and to leverage the assets they have in hand."

Ag Department to eliminate exception, tightening ban on 'downer' cattle at slaughterhouses

Agriculture Secretary Ed Schafer said yesterday that his agency will enact a regulation to ban from slaughterhouses "downer" cattle, those that cannot stand on their own. The move comes after the largest beef recall in history, prompted by activists' video "that showed California meat plant workers using forklifts and electric prods on animals unable to stand," writes Christopher Lee of The Washington Post.

"Under current regulations, cows that cannot stand or walk on their own are supposed to be kept out of the food supply, in part because they may be infected with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), or mad cow disease," Lee writes. "An exception allows a government veterinarian to approve for slaughter an animal that passed initial inspection but went down before reaching the "knock box," if a second inspection determines the animal is not sick but is suffering from an acute injury such as a broken leg. The USDA plans to propose a rule that would end the exception." (Read more)

Farm Bill contains new program that USDA says could cost $10 billion a year if prices fall

A new program added to the Farm Bill in final negotiations could cost billions if commodity prices decline from currently high levels, the Department of Agriculture warned this week. "They have taken a good idea and gone to an extreme," Deputy Agriculture Secretary Chuck Conner said. President Bush has said he will veto the bill, but it passed by veto-proof margins.

The new program, Average Crop Revenue Election, "received almost no attention during floor debate last week," Dan Morgan writes for The Washington Post. "The voluntary program guarantees farmers a subsidy if they suffer losses because of low prices or poor crops. Since the amount of the subsidy for 2009 is tied to recent record prices, farmers could reap a windfall if prices drop suddenly." Supporters of the program said USDA's $10 billion annual estimate was a worst-case scenario that was highly unlikely. (Read more)

Airlines end service to some smaller communities

Some smaller communities are losing scheduled air service because of the rising cost of jet fuel and the decline in number of passengers, prompting some in Congress to push for more money for the 30-year-old Essential Air Service Program, which was created to ensure that communities in rural and remote areas would be linked to the nation’s air system even as the industry was being largely deregulated.

"The government provides subsidies of about $100 million a year to the airlines, resulting in service to 102 communities," Micheline Maynard writes in The New York Times. "But the subsidies have not risen fast enough to cover the jump in jet fuel costs, and passengers have resisted paying higher prices for plane tickets, prompting carriers to pull out of a number of cities," including Bluefield, W.Va., Lancaster, Pa., Boulder City, Nev., and three cities each in Arizona and Washington. Here's the list. "The service cuts are far from over, as jet fuel prices rise, airlines shut down and companies consider mergers." (Read more)

Clinton posts Ky. landslide on race, religion, rurality, economy; should she reject racist votes?

Race, religion and rurality were the keys to Hillary Clinton's 35-point victory in Kentucky's presidential primary today, according to the exit poll taken for national news organizations. (There were no exit polls in Oregon, which Barack Obama won, because that state's election was held entirely by mail.) The results, similar to those last week in West Virginia, prompted some pundits to say Clinton should announce that she doesn't want racially motivated votes. (Photo by Michael Hayman, The Courier-Journal)

Among Kentucky Democrats, 21 percent said the race of the candidates was important to their vote, and 81 percent of those voted for Clinton. Among whites, it was 86 percent. (Asked about gender, 16 percent said it was important, and 79 percent of those voted for Clinton. Most were women.) The results of the exit poll were very similar to the poll taken in West Virginia a week ago.

Race is a tricky subject for pollsters, because many people won't speak honestly about it to strangers. Sometimes related questions reveal more, and that seemed to be the case when Kentucky Democrats were asked about Obama's former pastor, the Rev. Jeremiah Wright; 54 percent said Obama at least somewhat shares Wright's controversial views, and 84 percent of those voters went for Clinton. She did even better, 91 percent, among those who said the two men share "a lot" of views.

The views of a pastor are more important if voters go to church a lot. In Kentucky, 45 percent of Democratic voters said they attend church at least weekly, and it's reasonable to conclude that many of them can't understand how he could attend a church for 20 years and not somewhat share the views of its pastor. More than half of the voters said Obama does not share their values, and 89 percent of those who said he doesn't voted for Clinton.

Among voters who live in rural areas, Clinton won 77-17; small towns went for her by 69-24, and she carried suburbs 57-39. Obama won cities 56-38. The rural vote in Kentucky's Democratic primary was 45 percent of the total, mirroring the state's share of rural population, one of the nation's highest. Small towns were 13 percent and suburbs 29 percent. In several rural counties, Clinton won more than 90 percent of the vote. For county-by-county results from Edison Mitofsky Research, click here. CNN analyst and superdelegate Donna Brazile said there were other reasons for Clinton's landslide, such as the fact her husband carried Kentucky twice and campaigned hard for her. Education was also a factor, a key in Obama's win in Oregon, according to a telephone poll conducted there.

CNN analyst David Gergen, who was an aide to Bill Clinton and Republican presidents, said Hillary Clinton should talk to voters directly about the race and Wright issues. He said the Kentucky exit poll "raises the question of whether she should say, 'If you're going to vote against him because he's black, I don't want your vote.' I see no reason why she shouldn't take the high road in the closing days of this campaign." Fellow analyst and former Bill Clinton aide Paul Begala said Wright and Obama's character would be better subjects for Clinton, because it is hard to talk directly about race, especially if the speaker is white. In any event, Begala said, it is more important for Obama to talk about economic issues and transcend race. Another analyst, Jeffrey Toobin, said some pointed Clinton comments about race would bring her long-term political benefit. "She might as well say it," Toobin said, "because it would make a difference."

Don't forget the economy as a factor, NBC News Political Director Chuck Todd reminds us: "Obama doesn’t have a problem with white working-class voters; he has a problem with white-working class voters in Appalachian states. In Kentucky, just one in five of these folks backed him, but in Oregon nearly half of them did. ... One other thing to keep in mind regarding Clinton's success in Kentucky and West Virginia, and it has to do with the Clinton brand and the economy. These folks in Appalachia have been hit harder by this economy than folks in other parts of the country. And the last time things were looking up was when a Clinton was in the White House. So while there are a lot of folks wanting to think the worst of some of these voters, let's keep in mind: Appalachia and the Rust Belt, more than any other region of the country, are more likely to vote their pocketbook when the economy is in the toilet." (Read more)

Dana Milbank of The Washington Post quotes Bill Clinton going after the media elites: "Every time you turn on the television and listen to one of the people dissing her, they all have a college degree, they've all got a good job, they've all got health care and they're having no trouble filling up their gas tank." Milbank says the Clintons were offering rhetorical Kool-Aid. As usual, he writes a good read.

Kentuckians say upbringing, education and peer pressure help stir racial reactions to Obama

It's Kentucky's turn in the box today. Not just the ballot box, but the hotbox of media attention, particularly as an example of another state where some Democrats won't consider voting for Barack Obama because of his race. Rex W. Huppke of the Chicago Tribune reports from Munfordville (Encarta map), a county-seat town of 1,600 on the Green River in the rural heart of the state:

Whether in the Dairy Queen or the dollar store or along the sidewalks of a courthouse square ringed with shuttered businesses, people speak freely of their dislike for the lanky senator from Illinois. . . . Anyone thinking a black politician could come onto the national stage and simply win these Kentuckians over is being naive, residents say. And it's not, as some outsiders might believe, because the town's voters are ignorant.

"To attribute it solely to ignorance would be totally inaccurate," said Melody Chaney, a financial adviser in Munfordville and a Clinton supporter. "It's a matter of education, their upbringing and their background, peer pressure. There are lots of factors that contribute to this."

Perhaps out of sympathy, Huppke quoted the more dispassionate observers early and put most of the prejudiced people near the end of his story -- after a couple of African Americans. At the 2000 census, blacks were 11.5 percent of Munfordville and 6.2 percent of Hart County.

Bill Clinton's rural barnstorming offers opportunities for a wide range of news coverage

When presidential campaigns come to rural America, they generate the widest possible range of news coverage, from the local weekly newspaper to international networks. It's a chance for rural journalists to blend solid local color with big issues, and an opportunity for regional dailies to try new approaches. Both efforts were on display in Kentucky today, after former President Bill Clinton's visit yesterday to Mount Sterling, Ky., population 5,900.

Mike Wynn of The Winchester Sun, a 7,000-circulation daily published in an adjoining county, had a solid lead: "During a rare campaign stop in Mount Sterling Monday, former President Bill Clinton called on voters to ignore naysayers and shore up support for his wife, Sen. Hillary Clinton, as Kentucky heads into a historic Democratic primary today. The rally was part of a last-minute swing through the Bluegrass region as the Clinton camp seeks to secure a majority in the national popular vote despite Sen. Barack Obama’s continual gains in the delegate count."

Wynn's story laid out the issues for local voters. Katheran Wasson took the photo above and also wrote a story about Michelle Obama campaigning in nearby Lexington. The local metropolitan daily, the Lexington Herald-Leader, wrapped up the Kentucky barnstorming by Obama and the Clintons and advanced today's election in a story by Ryan Alessi. But it also featured on its front page, and for awhile led its Web site, with a first-person account from Kenn Johnson, a writer and retired English teacher whose wife was recruited to help the campaign find a place for the former president to speak.

"After an hour or so with no luck finding a suitable site, my wife mentioned that our house might meet the qualifications: a front porch, a level lawn and understanding neighbors. They wanted something decidedly New Deal middle class. No tax-breaks-for-the-rich mansion," wrote Johnson, left. "My wife was beside herself with joy. Bill Clinton's visit would be the best thing to happen to her since she tossed her underwear at a Tom Jones concert."

(Johnson's "New Deal" reference struck a chord with those of us who have been to the Franklin D. Roosevelt home and library in Hyde Park, N.Y., and seen the photograph of FDR campaigning in Mount Sterling in 1920, when he was the Democratic nominee for vice president.)

"Much to my wife's embarrassment, the Secret Service insisted that the former president enter through our basement, the one part of the house she allows me to use without much interference," Johnson wrote. "He complimented me on my bathroom downstairs and mentioned he liked the poster of Hemingway hung behind the toilet. My wife groaned, but I was proud that my toilet had served such an historic purpose. ... I am going to get a little rope like you see in museums and drape it in front of my bathroom door. Instead of 'George Washington Slept Here,' the sign will say, 'Bill Clinton Used This Toilet.'" (Read more)

The weekly Mount Sterling Advocate covered Clinton, but does not plan to post its story until Friday, the day after its print edition is published. That is normal practice for the paper's Web site. However, it did post results from the primary election.

One-third of beekeepers experience losses from colony collapse disorder, still a mystery

Surveys of beekeepers indicate that more than 36 percent of their honeybee colonies were lost during the past winter, according to Science Daily. More than one-third of these losses can be attributed to Colony Collapse Disorder (CCD), a mysterious plague that threatens the pollination needed for many crops.

The survey, which was conducted by the U.S. Agricultural Research Service (ARS) and the Apirary Inspectors of America (AIA), investigated approximately 19 percent of the nation's 2.44 million colonies. The Department of Agriculture reports that CCD "currently does not have a recognizable underlying cause" and its primary symptom "is simply no or a low number of adult honey bees present but with a live queen and no dead honey bees in the hive. Often there is still honey in the hive, and immature bees (brood) are present. ARS scientists and others are in the process of carrying out research to discover the cause(s) of CCD and develop ways for beekeepers to respond to the problem." (Photo by David Cappaery, Michigan State University)

Science Daily reports that honeybees "add about $15 billion a year to the value of U.S. crops by pollinating fruit, vegetable, tree nut and berry crops. Some beekeepers have already lost one-half to two-thirds of their colonies to CCD." Is this disorder causing problems for farmers in your community? Check with your local extension office.

Deadly syndrome spreading among bats in Northeast; could affect agriculture

Thousands of bats in the northeastern U.S. have perished since Fberuary from a mysterious disease known as white-nose syndrome. The deaths could have negative impacts, especially on agriculture. (Map by Cal Butchkoski, Pennsylvania Game Commission)
The syndrome was first observed in caves near Albany, N.Y., by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation in February 2007. A white substance was present on the heads and wings of dead and hibernating bats. Now that spring is here and people are more active outdoors, the U.S. Geological Survey issued a Wildlife Health Bulletin urging wildlife and conservation officials throughout the U.S. to be on the lookout for the syndrome and to report suspected cases of the disease.

"Bats are an important part of our ecosystem," says the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. "One bat eats as many as 3,000 flying insects a night during the summer months. Because females produce just one pup a year, the plunging number of bats — apparently as many as 90 percent loss in some hibernacula — translates into a crisis in bat populations in four states with no end in sight and potentially far-reaching effects, an ecological disaster in the making."

"The most common findings in the bats have been emaciation and poor body condition," reports Science Daily. "Many of the bats examined had little or no body fat; some exhibited changes in the lung that have been difficult to characterize; and a majority had microscopic fungi on their bodies. The white substance (as illustrated in the photograph by Alan Hicks) observed on some bats may represent an overgrowth of normal fungal colonizers of bat skin during hibernation and could be an indicator of overall poor health, rather than a primary pathogen. Scientists from a variety of agencies are investigating underlying environmental factors, potential secondary microbial pathogens and toxicants as possible causes."

Scott Darling, a bat biologist for the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department, told WCAX News, "When you do the math and make the calculations of some 500,000 bats being affected by white nose syndrome, that adds up to literally 2 billion insects per night that won't be eaten by those bats."

Darling estimates that, based on preliminary findings, the syndrome has an expected fatality rate of 90 percent and has affected approximately 600,000 bats in the region. "At this point, I consider all of Vermont affected," he said. "We have upwards of 25 confirmed sites in New York, Vermont, Massachusetts and Connecticut, and we have suspected it in some sites in Pennsylvania." Large-scale wildlife deaths should be reported to the USGS here.

Ponzi pigeons? Washington state thinks so

The state of Washington has issued a cease-and-desist order to Pigeon King International, which officials in at least one state suspect is a Ponzi scheme, reports Farm and Dairy, based in Salem, Ohio.

Andrea Zippay writes, "Investigation showed pigeon breeder Arlan Galbraith and his company violated the state's Business Opportunity Fraud Act and were not registered with the state to offer business opportunities there." Galbraith dismissed the state's action. The order "doesn't mean anything, really. It sounds important, but it's not," he told Zippay. He said the action resulted from "lots of troublemakers out there who are complaining." The state fined Galbraith $1,000, which prompted him to say he is not interested in doing business in Washington or any state where he and his company are not welcome.

Pigeon King International tags itself the world's second largest pigeon breeder and "invites investors and buyers to invest as much as $50,000 to $100,000 or more to buy hundreds of pigeon breeding pairs. Galbraith, in turn, contracts with the growers to buy back the offspring. he's told them the pigeons will be sold to new investors, and on the marketplace for meat or as pets." (Photo by Mike Segar, Reuters)

Farm and Dairy reported that the Iowa attorney general completed an investigation of the company in March and expressed concern that Pigeon King was a Ponzi scheme, defined "as an investment fraud in which early investors are paid with money obtained from later ones in order to create the illusion of profitability."

Galbraith said Pigeon King owns more than 2,900 pairs of breeding pigeons in Ohio, Indiana, and Pennsylvania, and conducts business in several U.S. states and Canadian provinces. The company's Web site was under construction at the time of this post.

McCain leads Obama by 9 points in rural areas of states that are expected to be battlegrounds

Republican John McCain leads Democrat Barack Obama by 50 percent to 41 percent in a poll of rural voters in 13 states that are expected to be battlegrounds in the fall election for president. Hillary Clinton, whose Democratic campaign is nearing an end, tied with McCain at 46 percent in the bipartisan poll conducted for the Center for Rural Strategies. "Obama fares considerably worse in the eastern portion of the Midwest and the South, while performing better in the West and Northeast," the pollsters said. (Associated Press photo from January 2007)

"The poll indicates that [McCain] cannot count on rural voters to provide him a winning margin," as they did for President Bush in 2000 and 2004, rural correspondent Howard Berkes reported on National Public Radio. Republican pollster Bill Greener told Berkes that McCain needs to widen his rural margin to win the election, and Democratic pollster Anna Greenberg was more specific: "If John McCain can't win rural voters by the same kind of margin that George Bush did, it's hard for me to see how he wins the election." Bush won rural counties by 16 percentage points in 2000 election and by 19 points in 2004. For an audio version of Berkes's report, including interviews with voters, click here.

Alan Abramowitz, a political scientist at Emory University in Atlanta, told NPR that the poll was good news for Obama "because he's only losing rural voters by nine points. ... He's pretty well-positioned to do very well in these swing states." Obama has had difficulty attracting rural voters in some states, particularly in Appalachia and the Rust Belt, but Abramowitz said he has an opening on economic issues. More than half of the voters in the poll, 54 percent, agreed with this statement: "John McCain served his country honorably, but he does not seem to understand my economic problems." But 52 percent agreed with this statement: "Barack Obama says he wants to represent all of America, but he does not share my values."

The pollsters said in a detailed memorandum, "Concerns about the cost of living are intense, particularly gas prices in a part of the country where many must drive long distances to work. Moreover, we see real ambivalence about all of the three presidential choices -- each candidate has a genuine opportunity to define the race on his or her own terms. All told, we can expect a real fight for the heartland, because McCain needs a larger margin than he currently enjoys among rural voters to win nationally and Obama needs to find a way to bring Democratic defectors back into the fold."

Berkes said Clinton's strong standing with rural voters was "a stunning upgrade for Clinton, who rated as unpopular as 'illegal aliens' in a similar rural survey done just last year. Clinton and her husband, former President Bill Clinton, have worked hard since then to win over rural voters." Bill Clinton has campaigned heavily in rural areas and called himself the campaign's "designated rural hit man."

The survey has an error margin of plus or minus 3.75 percentage points. It was taken May 13-15 among 682 likely voters outside metropolitan areas in Nevada, New Mexico, Colorado, Missouri, Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New Hampshire, Virginia and Florida. Most of the states are more rural than the national share of 21 percent; in the 2000 census, the rural share was 8.5 percent in Nevada, 11 percent in Florida and 15.5 percent in Colorado. For a longer summary of the results, from the Daily Yonder, click here. For the full poll results, click here.

Bush plan for aid to relieve world food crisis includes promotion of genetically modified crops

The Bush administration's plan to relieve the world food crisis includes "language that would promote the use of genetically modified crops in food-deprived countries," an idea that is "intensely disputed," Stephen Hedges of the Chicago Tribune reported this week. "Opponents of GMO crops say they can cause unforeseen medical problems. They also contend that the administration's plan is aimed at helping American agribusinesses."

Mark Rosegrant of the International Food Policy Research Institute endorsed the idea, saying because genetically modified crops are "showing quite a bit of potential in starting to address some of the long-term stresses, drought and heat." But Noah Zerbe, an assistant professor of government and politics at California's Humboldt State University, said many such crops require "fertilizer and water at the right times, and herbicides to go along with that," and "most African farmers . . . can't afford these inputs."

When the U.S. tried to introduce genetically modified crops to Africa in 2002, several African nations refused, partly because of opposition from the European Union. "In a severe drought, Zambia rejected the U.S. aid altogether," Hedges reported. "Several other countries accepted the U.S. corn, but only after it was milled." (Read more)

Obama's Appalachia problem stems from gender, class and economic concerns, not its heritage

Appalachian scholar Ron Eller, left, takes issue with journalist Jonathan Tilove's analysis, published here, that Barack Obama's problem with rural voters is fundamentally an Appalachian problem, stemming from the rural region's traditional culture.

"Such characterizations of Appalachia not only obscure the historical diversity of the region and project a static view of human culture but also ignore most of the recent scholarship on Appalachia that contradicts the idea of Appalachian 'otherness' and attributes its history and economic problems to political struggles that have shaped the rest of the nation," Eller, a history professor at the University of Kentucky, writes in the Daily Yonder. "Appalachian voting patterns are much more a reflection of fundamental class, racial, and gender differences in America than they are of any ethnic heritage within the region."

Eller acknowledges the role of race and education in Obama's poor performance in Appalachia, but says prejudice in the region "is often a reflection of more deeply seated insecurities that are rooted in gender and class. For blue collar voters in Appalachia, economic concerns, not Appalachian identity, shaped their decisions at the polls. Job insecurity, rising food and gas prices, and uncertain access to health care and education turned Appalachian voters toward the more working class message of Hillary Clinton, especially among women who occupy the center of the modern mountain economy."

Eller concludes, "Obama has yet to learn this basic truth about Appalachia. The cultural conservatism that has often fueled a misunderstanding of the region’s history and problems is grounded in economic conditions, hopes, and values that reflect those of the larger society. Appalachia is only the “other America” if we want to ignore the contradictions and challenges of our time. We do so at our own peril." (Read more)

Eller is author of Miners, Millhands and Mountaineers: The Industrialization of the Appalachian South, and the forthcoming Uneven Ground, a book about the development of Appalachia since World War II. He is a founding member of the advisory board of the Institute for Rural Journalism and Community Issues.

The maps below appeared in The New York Times today with a column by Charles M. Blow analyzing Appalachia's vote in the primaries and Obama's prospects there for the general election.

Obama's Ky. campaign focuses on his religion

The Constitution says there shall be no religious test for "any office or public trust under the United States," but Barack Obama is conducting what The Revealer calls "a blatant Christian campaign" in an effort to avoid in Kentucky's Tuesday primary an embarrassment like the one he suffered last week in West Virginia, one of the few states more rural than Kentucky.

"In addition to radio and television ads that began airing this week, a handbill [right] is being distributed that deals entirely with the Democratic presidential candidate's religion -- even relating his salvation experience," reported Joseph Gerth of The Courier-Journal. In radio ads, Lt. Gov. Dan Mongiardo and U.S. Rep. Ben Chandler say Obama is a Christian, and a narrator in a TV ad says "Through his service as a community organizer and his Christian faith, he came to believe in something larger than himself."

The handbill, like one distributed in other Southern states, "calls Obama a 'Committed Christian' and has a picture of him standing in a pulpit with a large cross behind him," Gerth wrote. "A survey released this year by the Pew Forum on Religion and Public Life found that 85 percent of Kentuckians identified themselves as Christians. And in a 2007 Courier-Journal Bluegrass Poll, 49.8 percent of those surveyed identified themselves as evangelical or born-again Christians." (Read more)

"One aim of the flier is to counteract the persistent and false belief held by some voters that Obama is Muslim," wrote Shailagh Murray of The Washington Post, who called the flier "startling." For the general election, the piece "also signals Obama's determination to compete for evangelical voters, who may not be as enthralled with John McCain as they have been with past Republican presidential nominees." (Read more)