End of family's careers on rural routes prompts a look back at one county's history of R.F.D.

The problems of the U.S. Postal Service, reflected by its listing of more than 3,700 post offices for possible closure, has prompted rural newspapers to publish stories about the post offices and rural residents' relationship with the mail, which is a larger part of the infrastructure in rural America, this writer told the Postal Regulatory Commission almost a year ago in opposing the end of Saturday delivery.

That relationship can be personal, as this writer's brother illustrated in this week's edition of the Clinton County News in Albany, Ky.: "An era in Clinton County that began 70 years ago when Leonard Little started carrying the mail on Rural Route Two ended on Wednesday, August 31, 2011, when Harold Little [in photo] pulled into the Albany Post Office lot for the last time in his official capacity of rural mail carrier. No more does a Little carry the mail in Clinton County."

The story not only recounts the history of the Littles and the mail, but many of the other rural carriers in the county. going back to 1924, when it first got Rural Free Delivery and "the county was dotted with post offices every few miles," David Cross writes. "The RFD system was created by Congress for the convenience of the rural people and it was the major contributing factor to the demise of the rural post offices."

This is a story that is surely replicated elsewhere, and now's a good time to tell it. To read my brother's article, click here.

Ky. school districts pass up free lunches for all kids, citing worries about future costs

Many Kentucky school districts are reportedly opting out of a new federal pilot program that provides free breakfast and lunch to all students attending schools where poverty rates are high. They say budget constraints, fear of losing other federal benefits, and the possiblity of having to raise taxes to maintain the program are keeping them from participating. Kentucky, Tennessee and Illinois were the three states chosen to implement the program first.

When the U. S. Department of Agriculture announced the Community Eligibility Program in March, officials called it a way to eliminate red tape for school districts and "make it easier for low-income students to receive meals in the National School Lunch and School Breakfast program." Districts would provide free meals to all students for four years, then claim reimbursement for them, as they do for students who already receive free or reduced meals, reports Heather Webb of the Salyersville Independent.

Webb reports that officials of the Magoffin County Schools said they are not participating because they want "see how the program works in the districts that do participate." The reimbursement rate outlined in the program is less than normal rates, and in the county, it would cause the current rate of 86 percent to drop to 47 percent.

Of Kentucky's 174 school districts, 102 are eligible for the program. However, only 18 of those eligible districts were participating when most started classes in early August, The Licking Valley Courier (which is not online) reported in its Aug. 11 edition. It said the Morgan County Schools declined to take part because they would have to pay 25 percent of the cost and feared they might have to raise taxes to cover that.

Bailey Richards of the Hazard Herald reported that schools who do not have more than 60 percent of their students receiving free or reduced lunch can still participate in the program, but the respective school boards will have to pay the difference to cover all students. Perry County Schools Food Service Coordinator Linda Campbell told Richards her district could not afford to pay that difference, which would amount to about $300,000 a year out of its general fund. Hazard Independent Schools Supt. Sandra Johnson told the Herald that she feared her district would lose funding from other government programs, like federal Title I and state Family Resource Centers, which depend on the exact number of students receiving free meals, if they could no longer keep track of those numbers.

Rural employers wonder about Obama jobs plan

Thursday President Obama presented a new jobs plan to a joint session of Congress and the nation. While there was little mention of rural America, several of the proposals could have a rural impact. Or not.

Obama's plan designates $100 billion to infrastructure projects and "get unemployed construction workers back to work," Karen Massie of News 10/KXTV of Sacramento reports. This has Doug Veerkamp, owner of Veerkamp General Engineering, one of El Dorado County's largest employers, hopeful but skeptical that rural areas will see much of the money. "It always seems the bigger contractors in larger cities and counties get the money," he said. "They need to designate a certain amount of dollars for rural counties . . . and not just give it to the most populated counties." (Read more)

Obama's plan could save an estimated 280,000 education jobs, Alyson Klein of Education Week reports. K-12 schools could get almost $25 billion for facility renovations. From that "the largest 100 districts would get direct grants and states would have until Sept. 30, 2012 to decide how to distribute the remaining money. "Half of the construction money would be competitive, with special priority for rural schools, and the rest would go out by formula," Klein writes.

Another horse rescue faces charges as two groups aim to educate rescuers and donors

A New York equine rescue is the latest to face charges for "allegedly defrauding financial contributors and for allegedly maltreating several horses," Pat Raia of The Horse.com reports. This comes as the number of unwanted horses keeps rising. (Kentucky Horse Council photo)

For those interested in horse adoption or horse rescue, the federal Bureau of Land Management is hosting a free online chat with two veterinarians on this topic. The event will be Wednesday, Sept. 21 from 8 to 9 p.m. EST. After registering, participants can submit questions in advance, or they can ask questions during the live event. (Read more)

For those interested in donating, the Kentucky Horse Council has issued some considerations donors should ponder before donating to a rescue. (Read more)

Spike in violence follows increase in pot farming

Violence has become the norm in the forested mountains of California, where illegal marijuana crops have infiltrated isolated stands of Douglas firs and redwoods often only visited by scientists, foresters and hikers. The violence became pronounced after the recent shooting death of retired forester and Fort Bragg City Councilman Jere Melo by a known pot grower, reported Sam Quinones of the Los Angeles Times.

Quinones writes that growing accelerated after Georgia-Pacific Corp. closed the town's paper mill in 2002, taking hundreds of jobs with it. After California's medical marijuana law passed, a "Green Rush" was sparked, as growers were enticed from as far away as Mexico to move into the area's forests, which had already been a major pot-producing area because of its "isolation, good weather and laissez-faire culture," the Times reports.

Mendocino County Sheriff's Capt. Kurt Smallcomb told Quinones that the "Green Rush" brought with it an increase in home invasion robberies and killings. This, Smallcomb said, started an "arms race as farmers bought weapons for protection against armed robbers." Quinones writes, "It feels at times as if war has broken out." (Read more)

Kentucky joins ranks of states losing money needed to fill extension office positions

Add Kentucky to the list of states, like South Dakota and Oregon, suffering budget cuts to their cooperative extension services. Funding for the service in Kentucky has decreased about 9 percent, from $13.5 million in 2008 to $12.3 million in 2011.

The shortfall has left 31 vacancies among 411 county agent jobs. Two years ago, there were 20 vacancies, Jimmy Henning told Bruce Schreiner of The Associated Press. Henning is the associate dean for extension in the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture. The peak number of vacancies, 60, came in 1994, Henning said.

Some vacancies may not be filled for two years, causing counties to chose whether or not to leave positions empty or temporarily pick up the state's share of the payroll. So far, 14 counties have taken the latter route, expediting hiring of 15 agents. Those counties, whick previously contributed $5.5 million to these salaries, will be contributing $7.3 million in 2011. (Read more)

Leadership training offered to rural communities

The Center for Rural Affairs and Leadership Consulting Associates, a new organization that focuses on developing rural leaders, are partnering to offer leadership training to rural community leaders. Seven leadership experts will provide training on leadership styles, short and long-range planning, generational communication, adaptive leadership, understanding conflict, vision and mission creation, initiating change, and ethical decision making to rural communities nationwide.

This partnership responds to a University of Kentucky study that identifies leadership as the key to viability in small communities, the Center for Rural Affairs Newsletter reports. Researcher Kristina Ricketts identified effective communication, development of social capital, community engagement and collaboration-across and within communities as essential skills for community leaders. (Read more)

Top coated-paper company files for bankruptcy, says rural paper mills to stay open for now

NewPage Holdings Corp., North America's largest manufacturer of coated paper, has filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy, a move that could affect employment in Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Maine, Maryland and Kentucky, home of its southernmosst plant, on the Mississippi River near Wickliffe.

According to bankruptcy filings, the Ohio-based company currently owes $4.2 billion in debt against $3.4 billion in assets, and its annual losses have deepened from $22 million in 2007 to $674 million last year, Rick Romell, of the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reports. (Journal Sentinel map)

The company has entered into talks with J.P. Morgan Chase & Co. and Wells Fargo & Co. to obtain a $600 million loan to remain open during their Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, reports Mike Spector of The Wall Street Journal.

The jobs of those currently working at paper mills owned by NewPage are at stake, and with them, the fate of local economies where these mills operate. Romell writes Wisconsin has a lot to lose because paper making is a key industry in the state. However, in a statement the company released, NewPage vows to keep open their U.S. operations through the company's bankruptcy restructuring process.

The stink spreads as bugs march south

The march of the stink bug continues, spreading its destruction of crops and trees into North Carolina. The brown marmorated variety of the bug was spotted in the mid-Atlantic region in April, creating problems for the region's farmers.

Over half of the crops in Virginia, eastern West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware and south central Pennsylvania were lost in 2010 due to the stink bug's appetite for various fruit and vegetables according to farmers in those states, reports Alicia Roberts of the Charlotte Observer.

"It's where a small amount of damage has a pretty big economic impact," Jim Walgenbach told Roberts. He is a researcher at North Carolina State University's Mountain Horticultural Crops Research & Extension Center.

Three Ky. schools, Appalachian agency start program to improve dentistry in mountains

With money from the Appalachian Regional Commission and some of their own, three very different Kentucky universities will collaborate "to enhance sustainable, collaborative dental health education and care" in the state's eastern coalfield, where both are sorely lacking, they announced in a press release.

Morehead State University, the private University of Pikeville, and the University of Kentucky's College of Dentistry will design the Appalachian Rural Dental Educational Partnership Plan "to train more dentists to practice in rural areas and give them the tools necessary to set up thriving dental practices in Eastern Kentucky," the release said. The funding is $400,000 from ARC, $127,293 from UK, $82,035 from UPike and $47,873 from Morehead State.

“The majority of Eastern Kentuckians have struggled to sustain quality dental health, and one of the barriers to maintaining good dental health is poor access of quality dental care,” state Department for Local Government Commissioner Tony Wilder said. His agency handles ARC matters in Kentucky.

Said new UK President Eli Capilouto, a dentist by trade, “We know that if we can break a cycle of poor health, we can begin to break cycles of poverty. Cycles of despair can become legacies of hope. We also, increasingly, know that partnerships and greater collaboration are the best – and, perhaps, only – way to address major challenges.” He called the project a unique partnership among a federal agency, a governor and “the state’s flagship institution, Kentucky’s public institution dedicated to serving the people of Eastern Kentucky, and a critically important college with deep roots in Eastern Kentucky.” (Read more)

Number of adult smokers keeps declining

Fewer U.S. adults are smoking and daily smokers are smoking fewer cigarettes, according to a new report by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The report shows the number of smokers declined from 20.9 percent in 2005 to 19.3 percent in 2010. To see your state's percentage, click on the map below. County-by-county percentages will be available later.

The percentage of U.S. adults smoking nine or fewer cigarettes per day increased to 21.8 percent in 2010 from 16.4 percent in 2005 and the number smoking 30 or more cigarettes per day fell to 8.3 percent in 2010 from 12.7 percent in 2005.

USPS must change, but not chase newspapers away or abandon rural places, small papers' lobby says

The U.S. Postal Service must change, but the solution to its financial problems "cannot be to push mail out of the system," or to "abandon small-town America," National Newspaper Association Chief Executive Officer Tonda F. Rush told the Senate Committee on Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs today.

Rush said the lobbying group agrees that the service needs relief from "the way payments into benefits systems have been structured," and that it has "excess capacity," but she said closure of mail sorting facilities is "already affecting delivery of community newspapers that depend upon the mail, citing examples of subscribers lost because mail is being trucked into distant cities for processing," NNA said in a press release. "It makes no sense to transport newspaper bundles from a small town into an urban flats sorting center just to bring them back again unsorted," Rush said.

NNA, comprising mainly papers that rely on the mail, does not oppose closing small post offices, but Rush said the service may not be counting revenue from newspapers when deciding which offices produce too little revenue to keep open. And she reiterated the group's opposition to Saturday mail delivery. "We have made it clear that if the Postal Service will not deliver our newspapers on Saturdays, we need the help of Congress to make sure we can do it ourselves," by allowing newspaper carriers to use mailboxes, she said.

"The Postal Service must not abandon small town America," Rush said. "We urge Congress not to let the Postal Service abandon those who need it most." (Read more)

Postal Service's declining finances increase pressure to eliminate Saturday mail delivery

The U.S. Postal Service's plan to close more than 3,500 post offices made its problems more of a concern for rural Americans, and the concern may increase as the service nears what would amount to bankruptcy and renews its efforts to persuade Congress to eliminate Saturday mail delivery.

U.S. Sen. Susan Collins of Maine, "like many lawmakers from rural states, vigorously opposes ending Saturday delivery, which would trim only 2 percent from the agency’s budget," reports Steven Greenhouse of The New York Times. "Collins, the ranking Republican on the committee overseeing the postal service, said the cutback would be tough on people in small towns who receive prescriptions and newspapers by mail."

Collins told Greenhouse, “The postmaster general has focused on several approaches that I believe will be counterproductive. They risk producing a death spiral where the postal service reduces service and drives away more customers.” She and Sen. Tom Carper, D-Del., chairman of the committee, favor "recovering around $60 billion that some actuaries say the agency has overpaid into two pension funds. Although the Obama administration is working closely with the senators to find a solution, it has signaled discomfort with the pension proposals, questioning whether the postal service really overpaid. Meanwhile, Rep. Darrell Issa, the California Republican who is chairman of the House Oversight Committee, says the pension proposals would amount to an unjustifiable bailout that would not solve the agency’s underlying problems. He is pushing a bill that would create an emergency oversight board that could order huge cost-cutting and void the postal service’s contracts — a proposal that not just the unions, but Senators Carper and Collins oppose."

But some action will be necessary soon. Greenhouse writes, "The agency is so low on cash that it will not be able to make a $5.5 billion payment due this month and may have to shut down entirely this winter unless Congress takes emergency action to stabilize its finances." (Read more)

Agriculture-policy writer gives a clear, succinct picture of debate over changes in crop subsidies

The prospect that farm programs will be significantly changed as part of the deficit-reduction process has been reported here several times, but as usual, Philip Brasher, left, of Gannett Co.'s Washington bureau (which hired him after the Des Moines Register, a Gannett newspaper, laid him off and closed its bureau) best puts the jam on the bottom shelf where the little folks can get to it:

"Farmers and landowners have long counted on getting a government check every year regardless of how profitable they might be or whether they even planted a crop. But those checks may soon be a lot smaller -- or disappear altogether. A congressional super committee that is charged with writing a plan this fall for slashing the federal budget deficit is widely expected to target those payments," known as "direct payments."

Brasher continues, "Farm lobbyists and their allies in Congress are scrambling to come up with a new and cheaper way to subsidize growers, one that would provide payments when crops are poor or market prices collapse. The threat to the payments is so dire that even the cotton industry, which has long resisted cutting them, is now looking at alternatives. The ideas being tossed about include taking money that now goes to the annual payments and using it to sweeten the federal crop insurance program."

There, in the story's initial paragraphs, are the main cards in play. Deeper down is an underlying reason for change, which Brasher dregded up from a hearing last year: "The goal of income parity of farm people versus urban people has been achieved," Purdue University agricultural economist Otto Doering said at a hearing on farm policy. "Our chief concern now should be volatility." There are 19 more paragraphs, all worth reading if you care about agriculture or have readers, viewers and listeners who do. Go here.

Remembrances of, and resources for, 9/11

The Rural Blog is published primarily for rural news media, most of which stick to events and issues in their own communities, especially if they are weekly newspapers. But on rare occasions, a national news event is so significant and touches so many local people that it makes the front pages of such papers. The most recent was the killing of Osama bin Laden, and the next one is likely to be the 10th anniversary of the terror he wrought on Sept. 11, 2001.

This item has 9/11 material that rural media are using or may find useful at this time, such as The Associated Press's September 11 Style and Reference Guide.

Michael Perry of Napa, Calif., has spent the last 10 years collecting newspapers from Sept. 11 or 12, reports Howard Yune of the Napa Valley Register. (Register photo by J.L. Sousa) He has 790 papers, "from nearly every state and more than 20 nations," Yune writes. "Newseum curator Carrie Christoffersen admired Perry’s labors in pulling so many headlines together into one place, but decided his asking price of up to $250,000 was too much for the museum." (Read more)

The Kentucky Press Association collected state political figures' recollections of 9/11 and newspaper front pages, mainly from weeklies, accessible at http://www.kypress.com/911/.

The Mississippi Press Association established a website to share newspapers' 9/11 content.

In a column for Associated Baptist Press,William Leonard of the Wake Forest University School of Divinity wrote about 9/11 at his school, where "Catholics and Protestants, Pentecostals and Anglicans" gathered to support each other, and earlier, at a previously scheduled weekly service, "Undergraduates galore came streaming through the doors, packing pews, leaning against the walls and sitting cross-legged on the floor of the sparse Davis Chapel. Staggered by the news, they grasped for sacred space to help them comprehend the moment." There's a lot more, including an amazing passage from the Book of Jeremiah in the Revised English Bible. Read it here.

Perhaps the main aftermath of 9/11 is what Greg Jaffe of The Washington Post calls "the American era of endless war," with far-reaching ramifications. Read about them here.

Television networks and magazines "have followed different paths in covering a solemn occasion that is also a business opportunity," The New York Times reports.

The U.S. Department of Education published a resources page for teaching about 9/11. USA Today reports on the topic. "Fewer than half the states explicitly identify the 9/11 attacks in their high-school standards for social studies, according to a forthcoming study," Erik Robelen of Education Week reports.

Oxford American's list of 'The Most Creative Teachers in the South' has strong rural flavor

The South is the nation's most rural region, in terms of population, so it shouldn't be surprising that the Oxford American's list of "The Most Creative Teachers in the South" is heavy with those at rural colleges, rural backgrounds or rural projects. Here are five examples:

David Haskell, University of the South, Sewanee, Tenn., "conducts biology courses structured around on-site or hands-on lessons. In his ornithology course, he distributes bird carcasses that he's collected around campus. Each student is given a different bird, ranging from owls to hummingbirds, and becomes responsible for cleaning and rebuilding the skeleton." He says, "It's like a little term paper of bone." He raises goats and rabbits and takes students to his farm.

Frank X. Walker, University of Kentucky, Lexington: A poet, he invented the word "Affrilachia" to describe the relatively little known culture of African Americans in Appalachia. It's now in Webster's. He "adopted the totemic initial 'X' in college, following the influence of leaders like Malcolm X whose quest to discover their pre-slavery heritage led them to remain 'nameless'." His teaching inspired a rally by students to protest racist expressions aimed at President Obama on campus.

Beth Glazier-McDonald of Centre College in Danville, Ky.: "A willfully lecture-based instructor in a time of low-key seminar-style pedagogy," she teaches "Biblical History and Ideas" and a course she founded, "Biblical Hebrew." The latter course challenges some Christians. "People often think that questioning the text, and questioning the deity, is anathema," she says. "So I say, 'Let's go to the text, let's see what it says about faith, about belief.'"

Sarah Hardy, Hampden-Sydney College, in the town of like name in south-central Virginia's Prince Edward County, "has the rare privilege of being the female professor of a course titled 'American Masculinity' at the all-male institution." The South Carolina native "uses her female perspective for the secondary purpose of furnishing an objective voice in the discussions of preconceived notions about traditional masculinity."

Andrew Freear, Auburn University, runs the land-grant institution's "low-income development architecture program, the Rural Studio," in which students design projects "ranging from individual houses to farmers' markets and 40-acre parks." He says, I'm there as a kind of psychiatrist, confidante, mother, father, psychoanalyst, friend, drinking buddy." (Read more)

Labor Department proposes stricter regulations for child farm labor; families still exempted

In response to grain bin deaths and other farming accidents involving children, the U.S. Department of Labor is proposing tougher regulations for child labor on farms. The revisions would be the first update to the Fair Labor Standards Act since 1970, Molly O'Toole of Reuters reports.

The revisions would include an exemption in place for youth working on a farm owned or operated by their parents, unless the farm is an LLC, in which case the child would be deemed to work for the farm, not the parents, David Bennett of Delta Farm Press reports.

The proposals would ban "children under 16 from cultivating tobacco or operating most power-driven equipment," prohibit them from working with animals, pesticides, timber and raw materials; limit child use of most power-driven equipment; and make grain elevators and bins, silos, feed lots, stockyards and livestock exchanges and auctions "off-limits to nonagricultural workers under 18," O'Toole reports. (Occupational Safety and Health Administration photo)

To see the complete list of proposed revisions, click here. The proposals are open for public comment until Nov. 1; a public hearing will follow, O'Toole reports.

Federal budget cuts reduce Legal Aid services, often a last resort for the rural poor

Legal Aid offices nationwide are facing more budget cuts and laying off employees, reducing services, and closing offices as demand for their services increases. The Great Recession has made 27 percent more Americans eligible for Legal Aid than in 2007, Elizabeth Crisp writes for USA Today. Legal Aid is often the last resort for poor people in rural areas, especially those where lawyers are not plentiful.

Legal Aid Service of Idaho has resorted to closing offices one day each month, requiring unpaid monthly furloughs and cutting several full-time employees to part-time, . By the end of the year, Legal Services of New Jersey plans to layoff 100 employees. Legal Aid of North Carolina announced its closing three branch offices and reducing staff and services, Jeff Fobes of Mountain Xpress reports.

This spring Congress slashed 4 percent, or $15.8 million, from the budget of the Legal Services Corp., a non-profit that distributes grants to 136 Legal Aid programs nationwide. Now the House Appropriations Committee is proposing an additional $104 million cut from the 2012 budget, Crisp reports. To find Legal Aid services available for your community, click here.

Drug abuse may be to blame for deputy shortage in county in southern West Virginia

A growing epidemic of drug abuse is limiting the number of applicants for deputy sheriff in one southern West Virginia county. Over the past two years, only three out of 100 applicants make it through the deputy application process at the Mercer County Sheriff's Department, Jessica Lilly of West Virginia Public Broadcasting reports. (Wikipedia map)

The application process consists consists of a physical agility test, background investigation, written test and medical exam, including a drug screen. Last year, 15 of the 54 applicants showed up for the physical test and only six passed. Of those six, three withdrew before the background check and two failed.

Major Darrel Baily of the Mercer County Sheriff's Department "suspects that the candidates withdraw before the background checks for fear of hard drugs in their past," Lilly reports. (Read more) To hear the audio report, click here.

'Superbugs' evolve to defeat natural insecticide in Monsanto's genetically modified corn

A recent discovery of western corn rootworms in Midwest corn fields raises concerns that the use of biotech crops could lead to "superbugs," reports Scott Kilman of The Wall Street Journal. Aaron Gassmann, an Iowa State University entomologist, discovered that rootworms in four northeast Iowa fields had "evolved to resist the natural pesticide made by Monsanto's corn plant." While Gassmann believes these to be isolated cases, the concern is that some farmers may to switch to insect-proof seeds sold by Monsanto competitors and use harsher synthetic insecticides. The long-term effects are unknown.

The findings have biotechnology rivals scrambling to find the next generation of insect protection for crops. Pest concerns are at an all time high following reports of superweeds immune to Monsanto's Roundup in 40 states. Add Gassmann's discovery to that and it further muddles the debate about genetically modified crops' impact on farming practices. (Read more)