Arizona Legislature grudgingly expands Medicaid

Brewer lectured Obama about immigration
when he visited in 2011, but she embraced
his health plan's expansion of Medicaid.
(Associated Press photo)

Kicking and screaming, the Arizona Legislature allowed Republican Gov. Jan Brewer to expand Medicaid in the state under federal health-care reform yesterday after she threatened to veto any bill not accomplishing the move, then called a special session to force lawmakers to act.

A handful of Republicans joined Democrats to pass the measure. "Medicaid amendments intended to defeat or change the legislation — all beaten back by the bipartisan coalition — included a repeal of the hospital assessment that helps fund the expansion, an anti-abortion provision, a requirement for a two-thirds majority approval and proposals that would roll back expansion if federal funding fell short of what’s promised," The Arizona Republic reported. "Conservatives, some calling themselves the 'minority party' though they outnumber Democrats, complained that the process shut out the public and most members of the GOP, which hold majorities in both chambers."

"Unique factors affecting Arizona's Medicaid program . . . played a role in Brewer's decision to set aside her staunch opposition to Obamacare," Jeffrey Young writes on The Huffington Post. "In 2011, a federal court allowed Brewer to freeze enrollment of adults without children into Medicaid to resolve a budget crunch [so the] federally financed expansion enables Arizona to reopen Medicaid without having to pay about half the cost. . . . Moreover, Arizona expanded Medicaid to cover all adults below the poverty line based on a ballot initiative approved by voters in 2000." (Read more)

Another bill is in the works to eliminate delivery of mail on Saturdays, except packages

A powerful House committee chairman has proposed a new postal reform bill that would allow the U.S. Postal Service to eliminate Saturday mail delivery. Republican Rep. Darrell Issa of California, who heads the Oversight and Government Reform Committee, is seeking Democratic votes by allowing USPS "to scrap an annual $6 billion payment to pre-fund health costs for future retirees, a major concession that is likely to help the bill’s chances in the Senate," Lisa Rein reports for The Washington Post. "But Issa’s new draft also keeps proposals that have divided lawmakers. Democrats are likely to oppose any language allowing layoffs, and members of both parties who represent rural districts have pushed back against five-day delivery."

Last year the Senate passed a postal reform bill that would have guaranteed six-day delivery for two years, but Issa's bill never got a vote in the full House. Aides told Rein that his new bill won't be formally introduced for months, while he tries to work with labor unions, rural representatives and other groups that fought him last year.

Issa's draft would allow USPS "to move forward with five-day delivery of letters and second- and third-class mail but continue delivering packages six days for at least five years," Rein reports. That resembles "a failed attempt by Postmaster General Patrick R. Donahoe to drop Saturday mail delivery without congressional approval." USPS makes money delivering packages. (Read more) 

Missouri passed bill to allow foreign land ownership, apparently to clear way for sale of Smithfield

"Last-minute legislative maneuvers in Missouri may remove one potential legal obstacle to Shuanghui International Holdings' proposed $4.7 billion purchase of Smithfield Foods Inc, which would be China's largest purchase to date of a U.S. company," report Lisa Baertlein and P.J. Huffstutter of Reuters. 

State Rep. Casey Guernsey, whose rural county in northern Missouri has Smithfield and its pork-producing subsidiaries as its largest taxpayers, passed a bill that would allow 1 percent of the state's agricultural lands to be in foreign ownership, Baertlein and Huffstutter report. "Missouri and at least seven other U.S. states -- Iowa, Nebraska, Minnesota, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota and Wisconsin -- have oft-overlooked laws that prohibit foreign ownership of agricultural land."

The legislation was filed at the behest of foreign interests, "who already effectively hold about 91,000 acres out of the state's estimated 29.1 million farmland acres and wanted the laws changed," Reuters reports. Guernsey's bill and a companion measure "were passed by the legislature on the last day of its session, less than two weeks before the Smithfield deal was announced on May 29." Gov. Jay Nixon still needs to sign the bill, and the state's Agriculture Department has to approve the land sales. (Read more)

Writer says broadband Internet is key to business success in rural communities

There has been much talk in the last decade about the need to get more broadband to rural America, and more lately about the large number of rural residents who still lack quality Internet service. Entrepreneur Diane Smith details in the Daily Yonder about how she used technology to start up a multi-million dollar company from the comfort of her home in Whitefish, Mont.

National Telecommunications and Information Administration chart

The Smith family moved from Washington, D.C., with the belief "that we could make a living just about anywhere that had fast and reliable communications connectivity, and we found it in Whitefish," she writes. Smith co-founded Vubiquity, which she says is the largest global provider of multi-platform video services, by raising more than $30 million through the Internet, crediting local businesses and residents with much of her success. "I don’t believe we would have had nearly such swift success had we been located in a more populated community or state."

Her story shows the power and potential of high-speed Internet, she writes: "Broadband connected businesses bring in approximately $300,000 more in annual median revenues than non-broadband adopting businesses. Nearly one in three businesses earns revenue from online sales that account for $411.4 billion in annual revenues for U.S. companies. Sixty-five percent of home-based businesses use the Internet to stay in touch with customers, while 59 percent advertise or sell their goods online, and 98 percent of U.S. counties had at least one high-tech business establishment in 2011." (Read more)

The recently passed Senate Farm Bill includes a pilot program to test ultra-fast Internet in five rural areas, and the Federal Communications Commission has said it will put $485 million as part of a public-private venture to expand broadband to rural areas.

Montana town boosts local economy with shooting contest inspired by a movie

A small Montana town, dubbed the City of Trees, sits along the Yellowstone River and is home to about 1,700 people. But the residents of Forsyth found an interesting way to boost the local economy, courtesy of Hollywood. Every Father's Day weekend, Forsyth hosts the Matthew Quigley Buffalo Rifle Match, a long-range shooting event utilizing old-style, high-caliber buffalo rifles that was inspired by the 1990 film "Quigley Down Under," reports Brett French of the Billings Gazette. (Gazette photo by James Woodcock: Shooters practice Thursday for this weekend's event)

Last year 635 shooters from 40 states competed alongside ones who traveled from across the globe, making it the largest event of its kind anywhere, reports French. Add in family members, and others who attend but don't compete, and the event, now in its 22nd year, brings in quite a bit of money to the small town. “It’s world renowned. We get customers from Germany, Australia, England and New Zealand.” said motel owner Colleen Hoppert, who said she books all 81 rooms for the event, sometimes getting reservations one year in advance.

Match director Buz Coker, a former scoutmaster, told French a vending site set up by the local Boy Scout troop makes enough money to fund a year's worth of scouting events.  The Forsyth Rifle and Pistol Club uses the event to fund $1,000 scholarships to local high school students. “It’s a great opportunity for some of the local organizations to raise some money,” said Tina Sears of the Forsyth Chamber of Commerce. (Read more)

Utah waging war on weeds deadly to livestock, offers app to alert adjoining states

Utah has started a $1.3 million war on weeds to protect livestock and food supplies, and has included a phone application that lets users connect with residents in nearby states to alert them to weeds migrating across borders, reports Taylor Anderson for the Salt Lake Tribune. (Tribune photo by Al Hartman: Leafy spurge)

One dangerous weed, called leafy spurge, contains a substance poisonous to livestock, while another known as cheatgrass dries out in the summer, and acts like a highly flammable fuel that contributed to record wildfires Utah had last year, notes Anderson. Commissioner of Agriculture and Food Leonard Blackham said if left unchecked, "An entire area can become basically unproductive for livestock, for food production or for wildlife or even for meaningful recreation."

The free smart phone app lets users "identify invasive species with their phones and report their location, which state employees then verify." The app has already been used to identify plants that are spreading into Utah from Arizona and Idaho. (Read more)

As many as 400,000 seabirds die each year in fishing nets, protective group says

At least 400,000 seabirds, representing 81 different kinds of birds, are killed every year by fishing vessels that deploy gill nets, and figures could be much higher than that, because much of the data on deaths was non-existent or too old to use, according to a report by BirdLife International, reports Michael Wines for The New York Times. (Alaska Journal of Commerce photo by Margaret Bauman: Gill net fishing vessels in Alaska)

Among the birds killed yearly are penguins, ducks and some critically endangered species such as the waved albatross, reports Wines. Gill nets are anchored in the water by weights and buoys, and are designed to snare fish by their gills, but can catch any creature that is too large to swim through the mesh, including sea turtles. porpoises, seals and whales. Most of the deaths involve seabirds who dive into the ocean for fish, but can't see the nearly invisible nets. To read the full report click here.

Barley-growing couple in N.Y. boost craft-beer trade by starting the state's first malting house

When the New York State Legislature passed a bill last year "that will eventually require ales and lagers labeled 'New York Beer' to contain 90 percent locally grown ingredients," the lawmakers apparently forgot that barley can't be used for brewing until it is malted, so a couple in Batavia are starting a malting house, the only one in the state, as well as growing barley, Howard Owens reports for The Batavian.

"Ted and Patricia Hawley . . . are sure others are coming, with anticipation of a craft brew boom in the state thanks to the new rules," Owens writes. "The farm beer license created by the bill is modeled after the winery license, which requires local ingredients and allows for tastings, on-site sales, bigger production runs and statewide distribution."

"This craft brewing industry is phenomenal," Ted Hawley told Owens. "There's no rules. I mean, there could be up to 30 ingredients in brews, from nuts and berries to honey, to apples. There's no rules and there are some great craft brews that are being processed right now in people's garages. This farm brewing bill will offer them an opportunity to open up larger and sell their brews." (Read more)

Shortage of primary care doctors worst in rural areas

Despite a critical shortage of primary care physicians in the U.S., only 25 percent of newly educated doctors go into the field, and less than 5 percent go on to practice in rural areas, says a study by researchers at the George Washington University School of Public Health and Health Services. Rural Americans account for 16 percent of the U.S. population.

The report, online in Academic Medicine,  suggests that not only are we facing a primary care shortage, but also that the problem is not likely to be solved soon. In addition to finding that just 4.8 percent of the medical education system's graduates practiced in rural areas, 198 institutions (26 percent) produced no rural physicians and 283 institutions (37 percent) produced no Federally Qualified Health Center or Rural Health Clinic physicians, which were created to enhance the provision of primary care services in under-served communities.

“If residency programs do not ramp up the training of these physicians the shortage in primary care, especially in remote areas, will get worse,” said Dr. Candice Chen, lead author of the study. “The study’s findings raise questions about whether federally funded graduate medical education institutions are meeting the nation’s need for more primary care physicians.”

The U.S. is producing primary care physicians at rates that are “abysmally low” and unless changes are made to the system, the nation will have an even greater shortfall of primary care doctors just as the Affordable Care Act ramps up demand for these services, Chen said in a news release. In some states, the additional need for primary care doctors as a result of Medicaid expansion exacerbates the problem.

The study's authors said policymakers should take a hard look at the skewed incentives and other factors that have led to the current primary care crisis and develop a more accountable graduate medical education system. It is critical to find a better balance in medical specialties and more primary care physicians to build an effective, affordable health system.

Foundations still shortchange rural America

Seven years ago, Democratic Sen. Max Baucus of Montana, chairman of the Senate Finance Committee, said foundations were not giving enough to rural America, and that prompted the Council on Foundations to hold a summit about the issue. Former President Bill Clinton held a similar gathering and lectured foundations. There was hope for increased rural philanthropy, but the Great Recession hit, and foundations' giving declined as their endowments shrank.

Now, those assets have largely regained their value, but foundations are doing no better by rural community development corporations, Rick Cohen writes in Nonprofit Quarterly. He says even the best rural CDCs "have a hard row to hoe in tapping foundation support. It is doubly challenging because foundations have started to lose interest in supporting housing and community development. A foundation sector that has long recovered from its recessionary downturn has the capital to meet Sen. Baucus’s long-forgotten challenge and to reinvest in the stabilization of American’s urban and rural communities. In the aftermath of the recession, now is not the time for foundations to pull back, either from rural or from housing and community development."

To back up his argument, Cohen looked at giving to rural CDCs in two networks, the Rural LISC program of the Local Initiatives Support Corp. and the NeighborWorks Rural Initiative. He found that foundations "lean increasingly toward lending and capital investments, rather than program and general operating grant support," Cohen writes. He lists the biggest rural grantmakers:

"The top 10 foundations in this list account for more than 52.2 percent of foundation grant and loan investments," Cophen writes. He noted that many of the top grantmakers for community and economic development are regional or state-based. "Scarcely present in this list are those foundations typically found among the top overall grantmakers in the nation. . . . A more generalized rural community economic development analysis of foundation grantmaking conducted a few years ago that examined grantmaking between 2004 and 2008 had Kellogg as the nation’s second largest rural development grantmaker, though it’s not so in this analysis of grantmaking to the LISC and NeighborWorks rural groups. Others with high rank in that prior analysis that do not rank highly in this analysis are the Northwest Area Foundation, the McKnight Foundation, the C.S. Mott Foundation, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the Walton Family Foundation, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. (Read more)

In 2011, Cohen reported that as philanthropy rebounded with the economic recovery, rural giving actually shrank. That year, the Council on Foundations and the U.S. Department of Agriculture agreed to work together to improve the rural economy. Grant writers, get busy.

Oregon day camp gives kids a taste of farming life

Children in Oregon have the opportunity to spend part of their summer learning what it's like to work on a farm, while also having fun and getting a valuable lesson in rural education. A farm near Lebanon, in the northwest part of the state, runs a day camp that lets children spend six hours a day for one week to experience life on the farm, reports Jennifer Moody for the Albany Democrat-Herald. (D-H photo by David Patton: A hay slide at the camp)

Camp participants get the opportunity to feed, groom and play with chickens, rabbits, sheep, goats, a horse, and baby American Guinea Hogs, reports Moody. Other experiences include gathering eggs, milking goats, making cheese, learning to felt, and seeing how wool becomes cloth. Activities are also designed to allow them to learn through having fun, such as how ecology works in worm composting, and exploring watercraft designs by building tiny stick rafts, and carving boats from zucchini. (Read more)

Grants help support arts in rural communities

ArtPlace America, comprising 13 national and regional foundations and six of the country's largest banks, recently awarded 54 grants, including five ranging from $150,000 to $536,740 for "Using Art to Bring New Life to Rural Communities" to organizations in Homer, Alaska; Ajo, Ariz; Lanesboro, Minn.; Prattsville, N.Y.; and Uniontown, Wash. Four other rural communities -- Juneau and Douglas, Alaska; Blue Lake, Calif.; and Neah Bay, Wash. received grants ranging from $250,000 to $500,000, according to a news release from ArtPlace.

"Rural communities often have excellent arts and culture assets that are underutilized, unknown to those outside the area and possibly even falling into disrepair. A relatively small investment can leverage these assets to produce a real improvement in quality of place." George Abbott reports for the Daily Yonder. With so many young people wanting to leave rural America for urban cities, "art is a great method of creating a vibrant and diverse community that will encourage them to stay or return to a rural area. (Read more)

A $200,000 grant to the town of Prattsville in south-central New York will be used to help the local art center and residency recover from Hurricane Irene flood damage, to engage artists-in-residency in becoming involved in town planning and design, and to help the town recover from the disaster through public exhibitions and events, according to ArtPlace. (Photo via Daily Yonder: Prattsville Art Center)

The largest rural grant -- $536,740 -- went to create the Sonoran Desert Retreat Center and Residencies, which will be an arts residency program featuring traditional and contemporary Tohono O'odham and Mexican artists, as well as the tri-national border-themed arts installation, according to ArtPlace.

Another grant, for $313,000, will be used in Lanesboro, Minn. The town of 754 in the southeastern part of the state wants to transform the entire town into an arts campus, which is "the vision of engaging a rural region and its visitors in the arts while simultaneously promoting economic development," reports the Republican-Leader in Preston, Minn. (Lanesboro Arts Center photo: St. Mane Theatre)

Border security becomes focus of immigration debate

As the Senate began debate Wednesday on the immigration bill, which could provide a pathway to citizenship for 11 million illegal immigrants, the focal point turned to border security, which Republicans said must be addressed before they will vote for the bill, Julia Preston and Ashley Parker report for The New York Times. (NYT photo: Sen. Ran Paul, R-Ky.)

“In order to bring conservatives to this cause, those who want immigration reform must understand that a real solution must ensure that our borders are secure,” said Sen. Rand Paul, who, like many conservatives, said he supports the pathway to citizenship for immigrants, but holds border security as the more important issue, reports Preston and Parker.

"The current bill would give the Department of Homeland Security six months to present plans to extend border fencing and achieve effective control of the Southwest border, defined as continuous surveillance along its length and 90 percent effectiveness in stopping illegal crossings," reports Preston and Parker. "Once those plans are presented, illegal immigrants could apply for provisional status. The bill includes $4.5 billion in border financing in the first five years."

"If the security goals had not been met after five years, a commission would be created to ensure border officials met them," reports Preston and Parker. "After 10 years, provisional immigrants could apply for permanent residency — the first step toward citizenship — if the border plans were fully operational, the fencing was completed, mandatory electronic verification for new workers was in place nationwide and an electronic exit system checked foreigners departing through airports and seaports."

Sen. John Cornyn, a Republican from Texas, filed an amendment that would "require certification from Homeland Security and the top federal auditor that his border goals had been met for one year before provisional immigrants could start the path to citizenship," reports Preston and Parker. (Read more)

FEMA declines to help West, Tex., rebuild public facilities damaged in fertilizer-plant explosion

The Federal Emergency Management Agency says it will not help rebuild roads, a school and the sewage system in West, Tex., a town of 2,800 that was badly damaged by the explosion at the local fertilizer plant in April. “The impact from this event is not of the severity and magnitude that warrants a major disaster declaration,” FEMA Administrator W. Craig Fugate told Gov. Rick Perry in a letter.

"FEMA has provided aid to individual residents and households, but a major disaster declaration . . . would provide money needed to rebuild parts of the city," Terrence Henry of NPR reports. "The agency will also not provide unemployment assistance, crisis counseling, legal services and other aid." In another letter, FEMA said “The remaining cost for permanent work is within the capabilities of the state and affected local governments.” The letter was obtained by StateImpact, a consortium of NPR and some of its state affiliates.

"West Independent School District carried a $60 million insurance policy, but its damages in the blast would only cover about half of the estimated $117.4 million needed to renovate or replace the damaged buildings, school officials have said," Tommy Witherspoon and Regina Dennis of the Waco Tribune Herald report. (Photo of West Intermediate School by Rod Aydelotte, WTH)

Dallas Morning News columnist Todd Robberson writes, "The fact that FEMA's response was in a letter sent directly to Gov. Rick Perry, an ardent foe of just about everything federal, strongly suggests partisan politics is heavily at play here. This stinks." (Read more)

Taxpayers lose millions as coal leases draw only one bid and payments aren't collected

The Department of the Interior is failing to collect tens of millions of dollars in lease payments for coal mining on federal land, and the department's Bureau of Land Management is shortchanging the government money while allowing a handful of business to have a monopoly in the Powder River Basin in Wyoming and Montana, according to a report released Tuesday, reports John Broder for The New York Times. (National Mining Association photo: Powder River Basin coal)

Despite a rule adopted in the 1980s to ensure competition, the report found that 80 percent of sales in the past 20 years had received only one bid, reports Broder. "The report said the process for computing the value of the leases was faulty, costing the government millions. At the current rate of coal leasing, the inspector general found, every penny-a-ton undervaluation costs taxpayers $3 million."

The report also found that the BLM allows coal companies "to expand their lease holdings by as much as 960 acres with no competitive bidding and little oversight" and has "approved 45 such lease modifications since 2000 without adequate documentation, potentially costing taxpayers $60 million," Broder notes.

An independent study conducted last year found that Interior's failure to secure fair market value for coal mined on public lands had deprived taxpayers of almost $30 billion over the previous 30 years, reports Broder. The department disputes that figure. The full report can be viewed here.

Some worry Texas housing development could displace world's largest bat colony

For 10,000 years Mexican free-tail bats have spent the spring and summer in Bracken Cave in rural Texas just north of San Antonio. The popular tourist destination is home to the world's largest bat colony, with an estimated 10 to 20 million bats emerging from the cave every night to blacken the skies with their vast numbers. But developers are planning to build a 1,545-acre, 2,500-home subdivision near the cave, a move that many feel could threaten the existence of the bats, and put residents in harms way, reports Colin McDonald for San Antonio Express-News. (Express-News photo by Bill Calzada: Millions of bats emerge from the cave)

Bat Conservation International, which owns the cave, said the bats can carry rabies, but they also eat several million pounds of insects every night, benefiting farmers whose crops could be damaged by the insects if the cave is forced to be sealed, notes McDonald. Plus, there is concern about where the bats might migrate if they could no longer use the cave. As a result, state representatives are trying to slow down development with a proposed bill that would "put a moratorium on development within five miles of the 697-acre preserve that surrounds the cave." (Read more)

More than half of rural workers hold middle-skills jobs, which don't require a four-year degree

Rural Americans are big at middle-skill jobs, which require at least some on-the-job training, an apprenticeship or similar experience, or post-secondary education that doesn't consist of a four-year degree. More rural Americans hold middle-skills jobs than do their urban counterparts, and the percentage of rural workers holding such jobs has not changed, while numbers have declined in urban areas, according to research by the Carsey Institute at the University of New Hampshire. (Graph: Current Population Survey)

Fifty-one percent of rural workers held middle skills jobs in 2012, compared to 42 percent in urban areas, Carsey reports. In urban areas, white, Hispanic, and black workers were equally likely to hold middle-skill jobs, but in rural areas Hispanics were substantially more likely to hold a middle-skill job than white or black workers. Older workers are more likely than younger workers to hold middle-skill jobs.  The full report can be viewed here.

Weekly newspaper in Oklahoma holds annual event to teach water safety to community's children

John M. Wylie II, publisher of the Oologah Lake Leader in the small town of Oologah, Okla., informed the International Society of Weekly Newspaper Editors about an interesting event the paper put together to combine fun and education. In response to a series of drownings, mostly involving young people -- in each case the victim was not wearing a life jacket -- the paper teamed up with two local, world-class fishermen to start the Kids Fishing Derby, an event to teach kids how to fish, and to promote water safety. (Lake Leader photo: A child is fitted with a life jacket)

The paper lined up sponsors to provide all children with free custom-fitted life jackets, and every child was required to go through a four-station safety course, Wylie said. That first year, more than 200 kids attended. The fifth annual derby was held earlier this month, with more than 250 participating. All total, 300 fish were caught and 175 life jackets were given away. To visit the paper's website click here.

Distillery in small W.Va. town has a wide market

Smooth Ambler Spirits produces bourbon, gin, vodka, and whiskey sold in stores and restaurants in nearly half the states in the U.S. But what most people might not know is that the distillery is actually a large-scale operation in Maxwelton, W.Va., just outside Lewisburg, in the southeastern part of the state, report Dale Mackey and Shawn Poynter for the Daily Yonder. (Photo: Smooth Ambler Old Scout Rye)

“People think we’re a couple of guys with a little moonshine still sitting over in the corner, when in reality, we’re in some of the finest restaurants and bars in the world.” said John Little, head distiller and vice president of Smooth Ambler. “We have people come in here all the time and try our stuff and say ‘You’re the best kept secret in Greenbrier County,’ but we’re doing everything we can to be the worst kept secret.” To see where Smooth Ambler is available click here.

N.M. attorney general says horses' medications preclude equine abattoir; water permit also an issue

New Mexico might not be the first state to open a horse slaughter facility after all. The proposed slaughter plant passed an April inspection by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, but now USDA officials are withholding final approval and questioning whether the needs a water-pollution permit. The lawyer for Valley Meat Co. said the plant won't discharge anything into water, and "such a permit was never needed during the 20 years the plant slaughtered cattle," The Associated Press reports. (AP photo: Rick De Los Santos, who wants to open the horse slaughterhouse)

Another potential roadblock arose Monday, when state Attorney General Gary King, a vocal critic of horse slaughter, ruled that horse meat is an adulterated product that is illegal to produce in the state, Stephan Dinan reports for The Washington Times. (Read more) AP notes that King, is running for the Democratic nomination to face Republican Gov. Susana Martinez, who has opposed the abattoir.

Adulterated food is meat that has come from animals treated with drugs, including an anti-inflammatory commonly found in racehorses, and medications used to treat bacterial, parasitic and viral infections, AP reports. If the plant were to open, it would be the first such plant in operation in the U.S. since 2007. (Read more)