Community pharmacies could be a key to getting more rural teens vaccinated for virus that causes sex-related cancers

Alabama Department of Public Health

There's a vaccine for a virus that causes sex-related cancer, but rural teens are less likely to get it or know about it. Rural pharmacies could help improve vaccination rates, writes Casey Daniel, a Ph.D. pharmacist who teaches in the family medicine department at the University of South Alabama.

"Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection, with 80 million Americans currently infected and 14 million new cases of infection each year," Daniel notes, but only about two-thirds of 13-to-17-year-olds start the HPV vaccine series, and fewer than half have up-to-date vaccinations. Rural HPV vaccination rates are 11 percent lower than urban rates, partly because rural areas have fewer health-care providers, Daniel writes in the Journal of Rural Health.

He says that gap could be filled by pharmacies, which are more widespread than doctors' offices and open longer hours. "In the 2018 President's Cancer Panel report on HPV vaccination for cancer prevention, pharmacies were specifically recommended as a way to increase vaccine accessibility," he writes. "Most pharmacies are also ideally suited for immunizations because of their inherent infrastructure and storage capacity for various medications. Many pharmacies offer vaccines such as flu, pneumonia, and shingles, and therefore, they have established immunization protocols that can be easily adapted to HPV."

Convenience is important for HPV immunization "because this vaccination is a multi-dose series requiring subsequent visits," Daniel writes. "While large chain pharmacies have a broad, mass market appeal, there is a considerable case to be made for collaborating with 'community pharmacies' as alternative settings for HPV vaccination, particularly in rural and small-town settings. In these areas, independent community pharmacies are often an established part of the community. Community pharmacists frequently have personal relationships with their patients, knowing them both within and outside the bounds of the pharmacy, and have a unique, established trust. They are trusted providers within the community, acting as the first line of health care and consultation for many patients."

That's also important for HPV immunization because research has shown that rural parents are less likely to be aware of HPV and the vaccine. Community pharmacists "frequently have personal relationships with many local individuals," Daniel writes. "Therefore, they can function in both education and reinforcement regarding the importance of HPV vaccination. . . . In the exploration of alternative settings to increase HPV vaccination, community pharmacies have been significantly overlooked. Particularly in rural settings, these pharmacies have vast potential to reach under-served, disparate populations and serve crucial roles in addressing community health care needs and filling resource gaps."