For the first time in decades, the EPA issued an emergency action to move weedkiller off the market

Farm workers can be unaware of Dactha's
use on fields. (Adobe Stock photo)

The popular weedkiller, Dactha, has been removed from U.S. sales floors by the Environmental Protection Agency, which issued an "emergency suspension of DCPA, citing a serious risk to pregnant women and their unborn babies," reports CNN News. Dactha is mostly used as an herbicide to tame weeds in crops such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, kale and onions.

Exposure to DCPA (Dimethyl Tetrachloroterephthalate) can cause fetal thyroid hormone disruption, which can permanently harm an unborn baby's normal development. The National Archives Federal Register reports, "The downstream effects of such hormone [disruptions] in the fetus may include low birth weight and irreversible and life-long impacts to children exposed in-utero, such as impaired brain development and motor skills."

Dactha's maker, AMVAC Chemical Corporation, worked to address the EPA's concerns; however, the "EPA has determined that there is no combination of practicable mitigations under which DCPA use can continue without presenting an imminent hazard," the Federal Register reports. According to CNN, the EPA noted that DCPA may be considered unsafe for 25 days or more after application.

This is the first time in almost 40 years the EPA has taken this type of emergency action. Michal Freedhoff, the assistant administrator for the Office of Chemical Safety and Pollution Prevention, noted that "pregnant women who may never even know they were exposed could give birth to babies that experience irreversible lifelong health problems."

Rich rural reporting ditches the cliches and dives into 'rural stories that reflect the full range of rural experience'

Carlson, left, interviews an artist about using eucalyptus
bark for screen printing. (Photo by Joel Cohen via SEJ)

Rural places aren't cliche or boring and reporting on them shouldn't be either. If you're a rural reporter, you already know that part, but what can journalists from all walks of life do to make the diversity of rural Americans come to life for non-rural readers?

First off, ditch the political stereotypes, writes Claire Carlson for the Society of Environmental Journalists. She writes that rural voters are often blamed for "today’s particular brand of right-wing extremism, as embodied by Donald Trump. . . Yet data shows that arrestees from the Jan. 6, 2021, insurrection . . . were no more likely to be from a rural area than an urban or suburban location."

Rural folk aren't one-dimensional white Republican-leaning voters any more than city folk are all mindless, liberal Democrats. For reporters who want to get past the cliches, Carlson suggests, "We can start by talking to rural residents about the issues they’re facing rather than only going to the academics and professionals. . . . If you don’t know how to make those local connections, ask your expert sources for suggestions on who from the community you should talk to."

If you want to explore rural life, reporters can "seek out and tell rural stories that reflect the full range of rural experience," Carlson explains. "East Palestine, Ohio, is a good example of this. The 2023 train derailment that spilled hazardous chemicals in this community inundated national headlines. . . . The town became known for its tragedy. But what was this place before a train derailment defined it? None of the stories I read ever told that part of the story." Find that angle. 

"Good and interesting things happen in rural places just as often as in urban ones," Carlson adds. "It’s up to us to tell those stories, too, if only to offer people an understanding of rural America that reflects the nuance and diversity that has always been there."

Rural cancer patients face 'chemotherapy deserts.' Traveling for care means more time and expenses for rural families.

Rural cancer patients are less likely to survive their
diagnosis. (Adobe Stock photo)

One way struggling rural hospitals cut costs is by closing specialized services such as rural cancer care units, which are expensive to staff and run. As more country hospitals have shed cancer care treatment, rural residents face longer drives for treatment and poorer cancer outcomes, reports Charlotte Huff of KFF Health News. Getting cancer treatment for rural Americans wasn't ever easy, but now there are "chemotherapy deserts."

Between 2014 and 2022, 382 rural hospitals ended their cancer treatment services. "Texas led that list, with 57 rural hospitals — nearly half of those statewide that had offered chemotherapy — cutting the service by 2022," Huff writes. "Rural hospitals in states like Texas, which hasn’t expanded Medicaid, have been more likely to close, according to data from the Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research."

Living in a chemotherapy desert can have numerous negative outcomes for patients and their families. "Treatments for breast, colon and other common cancers must be administered intravenously inside a medical facility," Huff explains. "Even distances of an hour or two each way can strain patients who already may be coping with nausea, diarrhea and other side effects." Travel costs, alongside a family member taking time off work to drive a cancer patient to treatment, add to the disease's financial strain for rural families.

"Cancer infusions can last as long as eight hours on top of the travel time, causing significant financial and logistical challenges, said Erin Ercoline, executive director of the ThriveWell Cancer Foundation," Huff reports. "The nonprofit provides adult patients with financial assistance, including for gaps in insurance and transportation-related costs."

Even within communities that have financial buffers to help rural cancer patients, distance from care exacts a toll. "Rural patients are less likely to survive at least five years after a cancer diagnosis compared with their urban counterparts, concluded a study co-authored by Lewis-Thames and published in JAMA Network Open in 2022," Huff writes. "While the rural-urban survival gap narrowed over the nearly 40 years researchers studied, the disparity persisted across most racial and ethnic groups."

States work to entice younger people back to rural communities and also attract new residents to live there

Stay Work Play NH's Policy and Pints series at Post and
Beam Brewing. (The Daily Yonder photo)

Some states are using new ways to get younger people to return to or join rural communities and put down roots. "States like Kansas, Nebraska, and New Hampshire are working hard to attract and retain younger generations," reports Caroline Tremblay for The Daily Yonder. The goal of each state's plan is to get previous rural residents to return and to attract new residents. To entice both groups, planners and policymakers have created platforms for conversations where younger people's ideas and voices are valued and used by decision makers.

In rural Kansas, the Kansas Sampler Foundation implemented a "PowerUp" identifier for younger residents "between the ages of 21 and 39ish," Tremblay explains. "A PowerUp is someone who is rural by choice. . . . Many PowerUps KSF has interviewed express wanting a sense of community, especially when it comes to raising kids, and a number have voiced entrepreneurial aspirations."

Nebraska's approach to gaining younger residents is to invite those who left to come home and add their valued gifts to their hometown communities. State activist Megan Helberg "is one of many spreading the message that young Nebraskans should go explore but then bring their greatness back," Tremblay reports. "In 2024, Helberg's senior class had six graduates, all of whom are heading off to college. But 75% are committed to coming back to help with an existing business or start one of their own."

New Hampshire has its own twist on helping younger people look at the state's rural places in a new way called Stay Work Play. The non-profit hosted conversational sessions that took place across the state's colorful brewery scene where state policymakers and planners could hear what younger residents needed to enjoy and stay in New Hampshire. "Unsurprisingly, housing and childcare were high on the list," Tremblay writes. "Stay Work Play is supporting greater investments in the state’s workforce housing fund and advocating for the ability to build smaller units on smaller lot sizes."

Finally Friday's quick hits: The art of butter; fentanyl drug lord captured; Lincoln's words; the traveling candy bar

The iconic 'Butter Lady' with one of her sculptures.
(Photo via The Daily Scoop)

Butter might be the kitchen's hero for sumptuous deserts and sauces, but it's also versatile enough to create sculptured art. The late Norma “Duffy” Lyon, also known as "The Butter Lady," was an icon at the Iowa State Fair, reports Karen Bohnert for The Daily Scoop. "Her creations included just about everything— cows, Garth Brooks, a Harley-Davidson motorcycle and Elvis. Read about the life and times of Duffy Lyon here. 

It seems like no matter which tactics are used, the United States continues to lose its border battle to keep the deadly drug fentanyl from entering the country and killing more Americans. But for all those losses, here's an unusual win. "U.S. authorities fooled Ismael 'El Mayo' Zambada into boarding a Texas-bound private plane. There he was taken into custody, alongside Joaquin Guzmán, who is the son of famed drug lord 'El Chapo,'" reports KFF Health News. "Zambada's Sinaloa cartel is believed to be the biggest supplier of fentanyl to the U.S., and the two men were among the top-wanted drug dealers in the world."

While landscapes form the better part of rural imagery, our oceans are just as vast -- full of plants, rock-filled sand and creatures sci-fi stories haven't even imagined. Life's origins might just be emerging from the deep. "In the total darkness of the depths of the Pacific Ocean, scientists have discovered oxygen being produced not by living organisms but by strange potato-shaped metallic lumps that give off almost as much electricity as AA batteries," reports Agence France-Presse of The Guardian. "The surprise finding has many potential implications and could even require rethinking how life first began on Earth."

With words and deeds, Lincoln kept a divided nation
together. (Photo by Caleb Fisher, Unsplash)

Somewhere in almost every politician's playbook are some quotes from Abraham Lincoln. Lincoln became president when the nation was "even more deeply divided than today," writes Donald Nieman for The Conversation. "His ability to make prose poetic resonates across the centuries – making him the obvious source for politicians in times of crisis. . . . One of Lincoln's most quoted aphorisms is his "appeal to 'the better angels of our nature'" from his 1861 inaugural address. Americans from all political walks of life have "invoked the phrase to decry the intractable partisan warfare that has escalated over the past decade and call for a return to civility."

Why do you do what you do? A lot of people might say, "Beats me. . . I'm just trying to get to Friday." Daily life can be tough, but knowing our "why," can make daily living more meaningful, writes Neil Speer for Drovers. "How many times do we find people who are just putting in their time?" Neil suggests using the ideas from Simon Sinek’s book, Start With Why as an antidote to facing life just slogging along. "The book revolves around the question: What’s your why?"

Society of Biology photo

Farming advocate Deb Stroschein used the travels of an American candy bar to show elementary students how food ingredients move across the globe before landing in a neat packages on grocery store shelves.

"I broke down all the ingredients in the candy bar. . . and explained that ingredients can come from plants, nuts, and also from animals. . . .The 'food miles' concept offers a way to study how far food travels. . . . It makes you think about where the food we eat originates. All of the ingredients in this candy bar traveled a total of 30,400 miles to get to the central location. . . .The kids were impressed by that fact." 

Kansas police chief expected to be charged for his role in controversial raid on community newspaper

A police chief who led the controversial raid on a Kansas community newspaper will face a charge of obstructing justice, according to a report by John Hanna of The Associated Press.

Two prosecutors had been investigating the raid at the request of the state attorney general, and they released a report Monday outlining the police chief’s alleged misconduct.

According to Hanna, “Prosecutors Marc Bennett and Barry Wilkerson concluded in their 124-page report that the staff at the Marion County Record committed no crimes before former Marion Police Chief Gideon Cody led a raid on its offices and the home of its publisher. They said police warrants signed by a judge to allow the searches contained inaccurate information from an ‘inadequate investigation’ and that the searches were not legally justified.”

The AP reported that, “Police body camera footage of the 2023 raid on Publisher Eric Meyer’s home shows his 98-year-old mother, Joan Meyer, visibly upset and telling officers, ‘Get out of my house!’ She co-owned the paper, lived with her son and died of a heart attack the next afternoon.”

Hanna wrote, “Prosecutors . . . allege Cody obstructed an official judicial process in the weeks after the raid. He resigned as chief last October.”

Eric Meyer, who will be honored on Oct. 10 at the Institute for Rural Journalism’s Al Smith Awards Dinner in Lexington, Ky., told the AP that “he’s grateful prosecutors found that the newspaper’s staff committed no crimes, though he questioned why it took them a full year. He also expressed frustration that Cody is the only official expected to face criminal prosecution.

“The newspaper’s parent company, Meyer and three current or former staffers have filed federal lawsuits against the city of Marion and current and former local officials, including Cody,” Hanna reported.

Time outside improves kids' overall well-being. 'A simple walk around the neighborhood will do.'

Even visiting a favorite tree can be a source of wonder
for children. (Adobe Stock photo)

Part of the recipe for healthier, brighter and more prosocial children is as simple as taking them outside to play or for exploratory short walks. "The average American today spends nearly 90% of their time indoors," reports Jamie Friedlander Serrano of The Washington Post. Research shows that kids who spend regular time in nature gain physical, emotional and cognitive benefits. Visits outdoors don't need to be long -- just a stroll around the corner or to a neighborhood park can do the trick.

When kids get to spend time outdoors, their brains benefit. "One 2022 systematic review published in the journal Educational Psychology Review looked at various nature-based interventions in 5- to 18-year-olds," Serrano writes. "Researchers found that engaging in nature can improve kids’ working memory and attention."

Time spent hanging out in nature also helps children's mental health, especially for children in need of healing from adverse childhood experiences. "Research has also found that long-term exposure to nature reduces stress and anxiety in children and lowers their levels of aggression," Serrano explains. "One 2023 study published in the Journal of Environmental Psychology looked at how making art in nature affected about 100 children in a low-income neighborhood in England. Their confidence, self-esteem and agency all improved."

Stomping on grass, swinging from tree branches or even balancing on a curb while checking out a neighborhood garden or weird-looking weed can help kids develop physical skills. Serrano reports, "Being outdoors goes hand in hand with active play, which can improve physical health and coordination, says Stephen Cook, a spokesperson for the American Academy of Pediatrics."

While technology makes staying inside more entertaining for kids and possibly easier for busy parents, going outside is a healthy part of childhood development. To help parents and caregivers encourage nature excursions, experts give these suggestions:

• You don’t need to visit a national park — a simple walk around the neighborhood will do. 
• Let your love of nature show. Children model what their parents do.
• Put your phone away. It’s important to engage with your children outdoors — don’t just sit and surf your phone while they’re running around.
• Invite other children. It's a prosocial way to engage kids and make trips more memorable.
  

Federal firefighters have 'grueling' jobs for paltry pay; grassroots organizing works to change pay and benefits

Wildland firefighters are considered a 'national resource,'
but many are risking their lives for $15 an hour. (A.S. photo)

Federal firefighters can spend weeks away from home putting out devastating fires while barely making enough money to make ends meet. The mismatch between job demands and pay has caused some firefighters to leave the profession, but other firefighters have organized to change pay and benefits, reports Nathan Pipenberg of Capital and Main. Grassroots Wildland Firefighters "represents a striking example of a growing movement among workers to organize outside the structure of an existing union."

While some new unions start without a broader union's umbrella, GWF is using its members' support to work in tandem with the profession's existing union, the National Federation of Federal Employees, to give the profession a stronger voice. "Firefighters increasingly felt they needed to make themselves heard if they wanted to see change. So far, Grassroots Wildland Firefighters — working alongside NFFE — has proven that point." Max Alonzo, a former firefighter hired by NFFE who helps with legislative plans, told Pipenberg, "I don’t feel like we’d be as far as we are right now if they hadn’t brought national attention to these issues.”

The dual effort is gaining momentum. "When Congress began considering a pay supplement for federal firefighters, whose starting wage is the federal worker minimum of $15 an hour, both the union and Grassroots Wildland Firefighters organized front-line workers to meet with members of Congress and speak at committee hearings and a press conference on the steps of the Capitol," Pipenberg explains. "With pressure came promising results: temporary pay supplements, expiring this September, that currently translate to as much as $20,000 per year. Although it was not the permanent legislation they sought, firefighters saw their starting annual income nearly double, to $51,500."

Even with pay increases, a national discussion about the physical and health risks federal wildland workers endure remains elusive. "The job can be grueling and unusually demanding. Wildland workers are expected to serve as a 'national resource,' available to travel across the country with only a few hour's notice," Pipenberg reports. "Firefighters fell trees, dig fire breaks, and crawl on hands and knees to find hotspots that could ignite. They often sleep outdoors, near the fire and in the smoke."

September will mark the end of the temporary pay supplements, which means the GWF and NFFE continue to lobby. "The groups are pushing for the Wildland Firefighter Paycheck Protection Act, which would make the supplement permanent, and for Tim’s Act, which would raise wages, expand mental health service and offer health insurance to seasonal workers," Pipenberg writes. "Both bills have been introduced in Congress but have made little progress."

Some U.S. consumers 'ditched' restaurants and brand products over prices, but companies aim to win them back

More than 70% of consumers believe they are being
overcharged for food. (Adobe Stock photo)

Eating out or buying groceries has gotten so expensive that some Americans have crossed restaurants and brand food items off their lists. In response to consumer rejection, food makers and restaurants are hawking special prices, improved quality and novel product packaging to woo customers back "to brands they ditched as prices skyrocketed," report Jesse Newman and Heather Haddon of The Wall Street Journal. "Restaurant chains are promoting deals . . . . Food manufacturers are rolling out more discounts and introducing new products, such as 'Star Wars'-themed Oreos."

Efforts by food companies to maintain past revenue gains while lowering prices is a corporate balancing act. Meanwhile, increasing food prices has become a political hot button. "Many consumers and politicians have said they are angry about growing corporate profits while household budgets don’t go as far as they used to," the Journal reports. "Moderators opened June’s presidential debate with a question about sharply higher costs for groceries and housing."

Food executives have repeatedly said U.S. consumers will eventually adjust to higher prices, and emphasized that despite profit increases "they did not gouge consumers and are working to keep prices as low as possible," Newman and Haddon write. "They have said that they need to maintain their profit margins to fund new products and that a number of expenses. . . surged in recent years and have remained high. . . . Still, more than 70% of consumers believe that restaurants, supermarkets and food manufacturers are overcharging. . ."

The word "value" has become restaurants' new mantra. The Journal reports, "Restaurant Brands International’s Burger King and McDonald’s kicked off limited-time $5 meal deals. Inspire Brands’ Sonic sought to one-up its burger competitors by launching a permanent $1.99 menu in July."

While some food companies opt to use lower prices to attract purchases, others are using coupons or product enhancements, such as "fudgier brownies," to get consumers to try their brand again. The Journal adds, "some food executives and analysts have warned that wooing consumers back will be a slow process or require more investments than companies anticipate."

Ultra-processed foods cause poor health outcomes in Americans; researchers look at their link to cognitive decline

Regular servings of hot dogs drizzled with liquid cheese may
be linked to cognitive decline. (Adobe Stock photo)

A big old hot dog, fried salami and a heaping pile of bacon may sound delicious to many Americans, but emerging research shows Americans who regularly consume processed meats are more likely to develop dementia, report Dana G. Smith and Alice Callahan of The New York Times. Processed red meat, which falls under the umbrella of ultra-processed foods, is only one part of a larger dietary equation where the traditional American diet is linked to poor health outcomes and possibly cognitive decline.

The scientists who studied processed red meat consumption "tracked more than 130,000 adults in the U.S. for up to 43 years. During that period, 11,173 people developed dementia," Smith and Callahan explain. "Those who consumed about two servings of processed red meat per week had a 14% greater risk of developing dementia compared to those who ate fewer than three servings per month." Eating unprocessed meat did not "significantly increase the risk for dementia."

Ultra-processed food is often made with ingredients most Americans don't have in their kitchen cupboards. "Products like soy protein isolate, high fructose corn syrup, modified starches, flavorings or color additives," the Times reports. "Many of these foods also have high levels of sugar, fat or sodium, which have long been known to adversely affect health." Soda, breakfast cereals, flavored potato chips, white bread and energy drinks all fall are all ultra-processed, but they "account for about 58 percent of the calories consumed by both children and adults, on average."

As for ultra-processed foods causing dementia, a body of research is growing, which "shows an association between ultra-processed foods and brain health," Smith and Callahan write. "[The studies] cannot prove that the foods directly harm the brain. And not all studies have found a consistent link between ultra-processed food consumption and cognition." Dr. Dong Wang, an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School, told the Times, "You cannot conclude that if you eat a certain amount of processed red meat, you’ll definitely get dementia. That’s not the case.”

For most people, changing diet habits is process that takes time and patience; however, experts encourage people to move away from a diet dominated by ultra-processed foods. Dr. Karima Benameur, an associate professor at Emory University School of Medicine, told Smith and Callahan, "Even modest changes over time can have an impact, and that’s important because it means it’s achievable." The Times reports, "Rather than trying to eliminate all ultra-processed foods from your diet — what Dr. Benameur calls 'a recipe for failure' — focus on cutting back on some of the worst offenders and replacing them with healthier options."

Appalachian program helps people in recovery find a new life in construction work

Lindsey King works on a new home.
(Photo by J. Glendenning, IRJ)

Lindsey King is rebuilding her life by building homes in Kentucky. Her new career is a testament to a successful trifecta of efforts from the Hazard-based Housing Development Alliance's Hope Building Program, the Perry County Drug Recovery Court, and King's determination, reports Jenni Glendenning of the Institute for Rural Journalism. King will celebrate four years of recovery on Aug. 18.

Like many people in recovery circles, King experienced a "moment of clarity" when she "was only able to see her children once during her six-month stay," Glendenning writes. "She praised Perry Circuit Judge Alison Wells, who sent her to treatment after her arrest. King told Glendenning, “She seen things in me far before I’ve seen them in myself, and she pushed me to get there.”

King attributes part of her ongoing successful recovery to community support. She told Glendenning, "There’s no stigma over recovery anymore around here." Glendenning writes, "When King entered the Hope Building Program as a trainee, she and her children, now 8 and 7, lived in a one-bedroom apartment with one twin bed and a small closet. She moved up to a two-bedroom apartment and now owns her own home, where they all have a bedroom, and the kids have a place to play outside."

King likened recovery to building a home, which starts with a solid foundation and goes up from there. "She knew she wanted to be a carpenter after about a month of being involved in the Hope Building Program, even though she had never done construction," Glendenning explains. "King said that she has not been treated differently on the job because she was a woman. . . . Her advice for women looking to enter the trade is, 'Even if it’s something you think you can’t do, do it, go for it!'"

To become a carpenter, King attended Hazard Community and Technical College and "is the first person in her immediate family to attend college," Glendenning reports. "After King completed the program, the HDA hired her as a temporary assistant trainer for a year. Now she is a full-time assistant to lead trainer Josh Boyd; they work with a crew of four in the program."

King with her children, Waylon and Iris
(Photo by J. Glendenning, IRJ)

The Hope Building Program is primarily funded by the Appalachian Regional Commission’s Just Transition Fund for coal counties. "It aims to increase the long-term success rates of people in recovery while also rebuilding the local housing market," Glendenning writes. Shannon Gabbard, who runs the Hope Building Program, told Glendenning, “Ultimately, our goal is to help them transition into the workforce full-time. They must consistently pass random drug screenings, and the feedback we can provide helps to ease the minds of employers who may otherwise hesitate to hire employees who are in recovery.”

A criminal record can make it hard for people in recovery to find employers willing to give them a chance. Glendenning explains, "The Hope Building program does a background check, but Gabbard tells trainees, 'I don’t want them to stress about it because we haven’t seen anything yet that we haven’t been able to work through.' This offers a sense of relief, but once they are hired, 'they cannot have any new criminal charges after they begin the program.'"

Mindy Miller, HDA’s director of development and communications, whose own family has seen hardship from the drug epidemic, told Glendenning, “It's stories like Lindsey’s that give people hope. Her story is a lighthouse, a beacon shining in the night for every addict and for every person out there who loves an addict." Glendenning adds, "King considers the folks at the HDA her family and loves knowing that through her work she is giving back to her community by building something that is going to be someone’s home."

A webinar briefing on potential election threats and how reporters can cover them will be held on Aug. 6

Cait Conley

If you're a journalist looking for help to cover security threats and other issues in this year's election cycle, The Journalist Resource is offering a free webinar, "Election Security: Threats and Mitigations," on Tuesday, Aug. 6 from 12:30 to 1:30 p.m., E.T. The session is open to the public. Register here.

Cait Conley, senior advisor to the director of the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency, will lead a practical briefing on known and potential threats to the 2024 elections, how election stakeholders are mitigating those threats, and advice on how journalists can prepare to report on them.

Attendees will learn:

• The landscape of threats to the 2024 U.S. elections.
• What those threats mean practically to the security or integrity of the election process.
• What election officials, vendors and the federal government are doing to protect the security and resilience of the U.S. election infrastructure.

A question-and-answer discussion will follow Conley's presentation.

The webinar will be available on journalistsresource.org after the event.

About the speaker:
Conley's role supports CISA’s election security efforts. She leads CISA’s work in partnering with state and local election officials to manage and reduce risk to the nation’s election infrastructure.

Policymakers and legislatures work to contain the harm AI and deepfakes could do in this year's elections

(Graphic by Sean Westwood/DALL-E artificial intelligence
via Dartmouth)

AI and deepfake political ads are easy to disseminate and pose a threat to U.S. elections. Policymakers have been hard at work trying to get ahead of the problem. "The Federal Communications Commission announced it would move forward with a proposal to require that TV and radio advertisements disclose on air when AI is used," reports Chris Teale of Route Fifty. "The timeline for the rule’s implementation is unclear, but it is expected to go into effect by November."

The proposal's green light wasn't unanimous. Teale writes, "Commissioner Brendan Carr said in a statement that the FCC’s proposal, which will be subject to a vote later this year, is a 'recipe for chaos' that can 'only muddy the waters.'. . . 'Suddenly, Americans will see disclosures for AI-generated content on some screens but not others, for some political ads but not others, with no context for why they see these disclosures or which part of the political advertisement contains AI."

One deepfake trick is to generate robocalls to voters. Before the "New Hampshire presidential primary election, a robocall purportedly featuring President Joe Biden discouraged voters from going to the polls, and instead told them to wait until November’s general election to vote," Teale explains. "The call turned out to be a deepfake generated by artificial intelligence."

The FCC's rule is "one of many efforts in recent weeks to get ahead of the potential threat deepfakes pose. State and local election offices have already seen how AI-generated content could be used to spread misinformation and disinformation," Teale reports. "President Joe Biden has already been the subject of much AI-generated content, including a video on Facebook that made it look like he inappropriately touched his granddaughter’s chest after they voted in the 2022 midterms."

AI leaves voters unsure of who's saying what and possibly defaulting to believing nothing anyone says. In response, policymakers and legislatures are working through the best ways to help create clarity where there could be chaos. Teale writes, "Already, several state legislatures have passed laws requiring disclosure of AI’s use in elections and campaigns, with only Minnesota and Texas outright banning it. More than three dozen states are in various stages of considering similar disclosure bills."

Battle over mining in Arizona is about U.S. green energy needs, religious rights and land use

A view of Palabora, a South African copper mine, which was partially developed by Rio Tinto. Palabora's mine crater is roughly 1.24 miles across. Resolution's crater is expected to be 2 miles across. (Adobe Stock photo)

Resolution Copper wants to dig 5,000 to 7,000 feet into Arizona's Oak Flat desert to mine the region's vast copper-molybdenum deposit. The resistance to the project by Native American tribes and religious groups goes just as deep.

The Resolution Project has been under development by mining behemoths Rio Tinto and BHP Group since 2002. The companies and project supporters insist extracting the region's copper deposit is vital to shore up the mineral competition with China and for the U.S. transition to renewable energy. The opposition sees the mine and its expected 2-mile-across crater as exploitation of tribal holy ground.

Overall, the project has powerful backers: "It has generally been supported by the Obama, Trump and Biden administrations, though the latter has asked for more study as it seeks to balance its desire for clean-energy supplies with protections for the environment and the interests of Native Americans. The project can’t advance until that study is completed," report Phred Dvorak and Rhiannon Hoyle of The Wall Street Journal. "Many state and local officials [also] back the project."

Resistance to the project centers on Oak Flat, a stretch of land many Apaches consider sacred ground. The entrance to the mine is on Oak Flat, with the copper thousands of feet below. The main Apache opposition group, known as Apache Stronghold, was formed by the Apache San Carlos tribe and is represented by the Becket Fund, "a high-powered Washington, D.C., law firm known for championing conservative causes," Dvorak and Hoyle write. "Becket said it is planning to take its fight to the Supreme Court, where it has an 8-0 record."

Once Apache Stronghold and Becket joined forces the cause gained "a host of new religious allies. . . . Scores of religious groups have also submitted amicus briefs supporting Apache Stronghold’s suit," the Journal reports, "including organizations representing Mennonites, Seventh Day Adventists, Sikhs and Muslims."

Meanwhile, Resolution developers say "they have invested in an extensive monitoring network for groundwater, springs and other bodies of water that will be checked by regulators and a community working group," Dvorak and Hoyle add. "Resolution’s owners are trying to honor that commitment by consulting and joining with local tribes in good faith for the duration of the project, said Gare Smith, a lawyer who focuses on human rights and advises the project’s owners."

Not all regional tribes oppose the mine. "Other local tribes are attracted by potential economic benefits in a state where the tribal poverty rate is 29%," the Journal reports. "Among the ones with ties to Oak Flat, most have at some time officially opposed the mine."

To read more about U.S. copper needs, click here.
To find out more about the animals and plants that are native to Oak Flat, click here.

Top U.S. colleges are trying harder to recruit and retain rural students; admission offers rose by 12.9% over last year

The STARS College Network works to help rural students get into
selective colleges and succeed as undergraduate students. (Adobe Stock photo)

Rural students often graduate from high school with better grades and test scores than their suburban and urban counterparts, but that rarely leads to them graduating from top U.S. college programs. To address this disparity, the STARS College Network has been working to engage and support rural undergraduates "to feel more at home at selective colleges," reports Rebecca Koenig of EdSurge. 

The STARS program brought together "16 public and private institutions committed to improving their efforts at attracting and retaining students who grew up in rural communities," Koenig writes. "Programs at member colleges include hosting summer learning opportunities and on-campus recruitment events for high schoolers and sending more admissions staff out to high schools in small towns."

The network began in 2023 and has flourished. "The consortium announced that it is doubling its membership — to include 32 colleges and universities," Koenig explains. "This growing interest is a recognition of the fact that although federal data shows 90 percent of students from rural regions graduate from high school, only about half go directly to college."

During middle school and high school, many rural students are less likely to be exposed to higher education opportunities. Historically, more selective colleges did not actively recruit in smaller communities. "Students at rural high schools may lack access to adequate counseling about college options and financial aid," Koenig reports. "Or they may not be offered classes that selective institutions look for among applicants, such as calculus."

Rigorous recruitment efforts by STARS College Network schools created a substantial increase in college offers to rural students. Koenig adds, "STARS schools extended more than 11,000 offers of admission to the Class of 2028, which was a 12.9% increase over the number of admissions offers made to rural students in their applicant pools last year."

STARS colleges see rural student retention as equally important to admission. Each school has a structure designed to help rural students transition to bigger city and school life. Avery Simpson is a STARS mentor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. She told Koenig: “Coming from a rural community, sometimes we forget we’re capable of doing what other people can do. . . . I can see the impact I’m making on these students, and I can see myself in these students.”

To view the STARS College Network list of participating institutions, click here.

Flora & Fauna: Bee slaps ant off the plank; grasshopper sparrows are back; boars aren't boring -- they're dangerous

This bee has had enough of ants trying to sneak into
her hive. (Popular Science photo)

Humans aren't the only ones who reach maximum tolerance and get slap-happy -- animals do it, too. How about this real-life wing-drop-swing-swipe maneuver a bee puts on an unsuspecting ant? The Night at the Museum's smack-it-out scene between Capuchin monkey "Dexter" and Ben Stiller's night guard character is a play-by-play theatrical version of living creatures being frustrated. We all get frustrated. For people, humor and possibly catharsis can help.

A steer and a cow crossed the road to munch on grass on the other side. The traveling adventure of two curious bovines from rural western New York may sound harmless. It wasn't. When they "strayed from their pasture, they set off a chaotic chain of events involving death threats, chicken rustlers and Joaquin Phoenix," reports Christopher Maag of The New York Times. "The town of Newfane, N.Y., hasn’t been the same since."

Very hungry spined sea urchins 'clean' coral by eating
harmful algae growth. (University of Florida photo via Hakai)

A spiky sea animal is helping Caribbean coral reefs recover from an onslaught of smothering algae. "Long-spined sea urchins (Diadema antillarum) play a vital role in Caribbean coral ecosystems," reports Lisa S. Gardiner of Hakai magazine. "Dark and rotund with spines radiating in all directions, some as long as knitting needles, the urchins eat massive amounts of algae that would otherwise smother corals or prevent coral larvae from affixing to rocks and growing into colonies." Some experts call these busy creatures the "janitors of the reef because they're so efficient at cleaning reef surfaces."

Birds can be incredibly resilient, but in the case of Florida's grasshopper sparrow, scientists intervened. "Numbers of the Florida grasshopper sparrow, seen only in prairies in central regions of the state, dwindled so severely by 2015, mostly through habitat loss, that authorities decided to remove remaining breeding pairs into captivity," reports Richard Luscomb of The Guardian. "Their gamble was rewarded." Experts released their 1,000th bird back into the wild . . . "adding to an increasingly stable population that researchers believe has turned the tide towards the species’ survival."

Feral pigs are fierce and carry diseases.
(Graphic by Adam Dixon, Ambrook Research)

Worried about shark season? Maybe another animal is a bigger danger. "Scientists determined feral pig attacks are more than three times deadlier to humans than sharks worldwide," reports Emma Glassman-Hughes of Ambrook Research. "That, coupled with feral hogs’ capacity for carrying disease, has raised their profile from farm pest to existential threat. But not enough people seem to understand the gravity of the situation, according to experts — and municipalities are struggling to control it."

Silver carp jump in the Fox River in Illinois.
(Photo by Ryan Hagerty, Fish  & Wildlife Service via the Louisiana Illuminator)

Winner, winner, Asian carp for dinner. Sound yummy? Midwesterners working to keep the invasive fish from establishing itself in the Great Lakes hope so. "Silver carp particularly represent a huge threat to the fisheries in the Great Lakes. . . . One way to get the silver carp population under control seems relatively simple – eat the carp," reports Elise Plunk of the Louisiana Illuminator. Americans aren't convinced Asian carp is a great dinner entre, but marketers are working to change consumer opinion. "Creative cooking, such as making carp burgers with dill pickles and cheddar or New Orleans-style carp po’boys, when paired with the knowledge that eating carp helps the environment, could be more palatable to Americans."

A look at how a local newspaper in Pennsylvania covered Trump's rally and the attempted assassination

When Donald Trump went to Butler to deliver his election message to the state's western supporters, journalists from the local newspaper, the Butler Eagle, were prepared to cover a political rally, but they ended up reporting on a shocking attempted assassination.

Covering a national event with a small newspaper's resources is a tall order for any newsgroup, and journalists at The Associated Press wondered how the Eagle would manage the reporting and scrutiny. To discover how it all went down at the Eagle, AP photographer Matt Slocum, media reporter David Bauder and video journalist Joe Frederick traveled to Butler to interview the paper's journalists, managers and staff. AP's perspective looks at a tragic event in a small town through the eyes of the local newspaper working to cover it. 

When AP explored the Eagle's newsroom responses, another story came to light. "It revealed not only the news organization’s professionalism but the emotional toll the story was taking on young staffers," AP reports. "One was moved to tears as she recounted how the crowd turned on her after the shooting. But, she said, the story taught her that in being a journalist, she had made the right choice."

AP's approach "enabled them to interlock strong human stories and look at the American local news industry as a whole. Particularly noteworthy was how this story managed the 'ladder of abstraction' and represented a strong crossover story that could appeal to multiple audiences — those looking for political news, local news, media news and simply a human story about the faces behind the journalism," AP reports. "The story offered a compelling on-the-ground tale that also linked it up with the struggles that newspapers and local news are having."

To dig into this coverage, watch the video here.

A first-of-its-kind in the South, 'Bike Tennessee' offers breathtaking views from the state's rural towns

'Bike Tennessee' offers stellar views of the state's rural towns and endless scenery.
(Tennessee Department of Tourist Development photo)

For bike enthusiasts craving more paths, climbs and views, Tennessee opened 52 "newly-curated" road cycling routes, dubbed "Bike Tennessee" for cycling enthusiasts of all ages and levels. The development is the "first of its kind in the South," reports Jacob Beckwith of The Tennessean. It aims to encourage more people to vacation in the volunteer state while "bringing cycling to rural communities. . . . The initiative is so new, it's only offered in one other state, Oregon."

Given the state's topography, Tennessee is a great place to ride a bike. The routes' developer, Shannon Burke, is a cycling tourist expert who chose off-the-beaten-path locations that were still safe. He told Beckwith, "The state has every type of mountain, and you can also ride in all seasons. . . . I would ask myself, ‘If I put this on a bike tour, would they get their money’s worth? The result is a mix of escaping civilization, while still making sure people are comfortable.”

Of course, there's an app for these routes. Tennessee "partnered with Ride with GPS, a navigation platform used daily by thousands of cyclists, for the program," Beckwith explains. "The state's 52 Bike Tennessee routes are accessible to users of the app and are all designed as a loop to simplify parking, while still varying distance and difficulty, officials explained."

Tennessee Department of Tourist Development Commissioner Mark Ezell points to Bike Tennessee as a way for the state to sustainably support smaller rural communities. He told Beckwith, "In 2022 alone, the state welcomed 141 million visitors, who spent a record $29 billion. A big part of that is the Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which is still the most visited national park in America. This initiative gives tourists just another reason to visit our beautiful state."

Wild pigs are a seemingly unstoppable pestilence, but their threat could become exponentially more dangerous

Feral pigs eat crops and degrade water quality wherever
they invade. (Photo by Adam Dixon, Ambrook Research)

When feral pigs invade the countryside, they go hog wild eating farm crops, tearing up the ground, prolifically reproducing and spreading diseases to other animals and humans. As if that scourge wasn't enough, federal officials are preparing for the possible arrival of African Swine Fever in wild hogs and its possible spread to domestic pigs and maybe even humans. The concern is so viable that officials and stakeholders have completed simulations to prepare for ASF, reports Michael Crowe of Ambrook Research. "For two days, groups discussed the ins and outs of emerging pig diseases like African Swine Fever and the potential for feral hogs to help spread them."

Highly contagious and deadly for all pig breeds, ASF cannot spread to humans yet, but its travels across the globe make it a human health and pork industry concern. "Researchers have warned the animals can serve as a reservoir that can spill over into domesticated herds. This makes feral pigs not just a damage concern, but a food security issue," Crowe writes. "It’s one of the top threats to U.S. pork production, which exported $7.7 billion of product in 2022."

Should ASF be detected in the United States, the protocol is simple: shut all pig operations down. Crowe explains, "A single infected domestic or wild pig could lead the Department of Agriculture to pause all live pig and semen shipments for 72 hours to try and contain it, a massive stoppage considering we have a million hogs on U.S. roads every day. And being shut out of international trade, even temporarily, is a serious concern."

Kevin Morgan from the Office of Health Security, part of the Department of Homeland Security, told Crowe, "We need to get better at shared awareness across borders because these types of emerging pathogens — there’s no line on a map that they respect. . . . We need to be on the same page on surveillance and early warning." Crowe reports, "Beyond building connections, officials are also looking to help producers protect their herds at a local level."

Currently, the USDA’s Animal & Plant Health Inspection Service is "running active ASF surveillance across 12 states — the entire U.S./Mexico border and the Florida Gulf Coast," Crowe reports. But there is no way for officials or scientists to predict how people will react. 

Consumer response to eating beef during the mad cow disease crisis serves as an example. Pig farmer Paul Klingeman Jr. asked Crowe, "How many people are going to think they might get this if they eat pork?"

Rural towns face public-sector worker shortages that will only increase; some residents are doing the work of many

To fill service gaps, some older rural residents have
multiple jobs. (Adobe Stock photo)

Small towns across the United States are short on people, money and a younger workforce, which leaves many older rural residents doing the work of two or three people. When older residents retire, rural communities are hard-pressed to "find and afford" new workers for a range of public-sector positions, reports Jon Kamp of The Wall Street Journal. "The challenge. . . faces small governments scattered around the U.S., and often leaves those still there to pick up the slack."

The rural labor conundrum affects states as big as Texas and as small as Maine. "In Texas, roughly two-thirds of cities with 3,000 to 5,000 residents are missing a finance director. . . . Other city employees who might not have financial-management experience often end up filling in, said Bennett Sandlin, the Texas Municipal League's director," Kamp writes. "Cities [may then] go without audits, raising the chances of uncorrected bookkeeping errors, he said." In tiny Ashland, Maine, one 65-year-old resident "runs the town’s sports programs, drives Little Leaguers to away games, cleans the town office, takes seniors out for meals. . ."

Since rural populations tend to be older, the pressure to attract and keep younger residents will only increase as baby boomer employees age into retirement. "Local officials and government associations in many states say they face a persistent challenge to find qualified employees who want to work in a small town’s office," Kamp explains. "Small-town officials say they face particular hurdles when it comes to offering competitive salaries to compete for workers."

Rural labor shortages can mean loads of work for older residents still wanting to work, but it can also mean services close or consolidate. "Limestone, Maine, is a small town abutting Canada’s New Brunswick border, closed its ambulance service many years ago, contracting it out to the nearby city of Caribou for less money. Last year, the police department closed," Kamp reports. "Limestone's interim town manager, Alan Mulherin, said that without police regularly nearby, there is more speeding and drug activity." Maine state and county police now answer calls in Limestone.